摘要
“有意义的人类控制”作为自主武器军控的核心概念,对维护国际人道法、明晰自主武器归责路径具有重要意义。它强调人类对自主武器的监管,以保证自主武器使用不违背国际人道法的基本底线,符合康德有关道德责任、人类尊严的法哲学要义。然而,这一概念的基本要素和法律适用路径并不明晰,其使自主武器的实际规制效果大打折扣。为保障自主武器的合理应用,可针对“基本要素孤立化”“监管过于关注自主武器运行流程”等问题引入诺埃尔·夏基提出的区分理论,探索对自主武器“分级分类”监管的可行性,确定联合国《禁止或者限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》框架下“有意义的人类控制”的法律地位,进而建立以该理念为指导的自主武器“分级分类”监管框架的国际法适用路径。
The design philosophy of autonomous weapon systems reflects characteristics of intelligence and algorithmic processes while emphasizing the interconnectedness of respective operational phases.Consequently,the concept of comprehensive regulation of autonomous weapon systems has emerged.This comprehensive regulatory framework highlights human control over autonomous weapons,making the principle of“meaningful human control”a crucial benchmark for assessing the“legality”and“legitimacy”of artificial intelligence in military applications.As a core concept in the arms control of autonomous weapons,“meaningful human control”holds significant value for upholding international humanitarian law and clarifying accountability pathways for autonomous weapons.It underscores human oversight to ensure that the application of autonomous weapons complies with the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law and aligns with Kantian legal philosophy on moral responsibility and human dignity.However,the basic elements and legal applicability of“meaningful human control”remain unclear,undermining the effectiveness of regulating autonomous weapons.This study employs a literature analysis method to investigate the basic elements of“meaningful human control”,integrating and analyzing international perspectives on the definition of basic elements,as well as identifying their potential components and existing deficiencies.In light of issues such as the“isolation”of basic elements and“excessive focus on the operational processes of AI weapons”,the study introduces Noel Sharkey’s Principle of Distinction to explore the feasibility of adopting a“graded and categorized”regulatory approach for autonomous weapons.Regarding the legal application of“meaningful human control”,this paper examines its application methods and effectiveness in conjunction with the principles of proportionality and distinction under international humanitarian law,arguing that its interaction with international humanit
作者
王智韬
WANG Zhitao(Department of Politics and Law Teaching and Research,Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C(National Academy of Governance))
出处
《人权法学》
2024年第6期90-108,161,162,共21页
Journal of Human Rights Law
关键词
有意义的人类控制
自主武器系统
国际人道法
分级分类监管
meaningful human control
autonomous weapon systems
international humanitarian law
graded and categorized regulation
