摘要
水电作为一种清洁的可再生能源形式,在实现“双碳”目标中发挥关键作用。然而,如何在促进经济效益的同时减轻其环境影响,特别是通过优化生态补偿机制来协调这一关系,仍需深入探讨。以黄河上游玛尔挡水电站为案例,采用生态价值当量法核算该水电站影响区2015年和2021年的生态系统服务价值,并结合土地利用遥感数据预测蓄水后(2025年)的生态系统服务价值变化趋势,提出合理的生态补偿参考方案。结果表明:2015年至蓄水后,由于草地、林地和耕地转变为水域,水文调节与水资源供给等生态系统服务价值显著提升;而气候调节、土壤保持及生物多样性等其他服务略有下降。总体来看,生态系统服务价值呈现温和上升趋势。2021年的生态补偿额度为112.91亿元,预计蓄水后的生态补偿额度将增加至113.67亿元,其中玛沁县区域的生态补偿优先级相对较高。研究成果可为黄河上流高寒海拔地区的生态补偿机制提供理论依据和实践参考。
Hydropower,as a clean and renewable energy source,plays a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality goals.However,balancing the economic benefits of hydropower development with its environmental impacts necessitates a thorough exploration of ecological compensation mechanisms.We took the Maerdang Hydropower Station in the upper Yellow River as the case,analyzed its ecosystem service values in 2015 and 2021 by using the ecological value equivalent method.Then we predicted its ecosystem service values after water impoundment in 2025,in combination with the prediction of the land use change by remote sensing data.Then we put forward a reasonable ecological compensation reference scheme.The results indicate that from 2015 to post-reservoir filling,ecosystem service values such as hydrological regulation and water resource provision have increased significantly due to the conversion of grassland,forestland,and cropland to water bodies.However,other services like climate regulation,soil conservation,and biodiversity have shown slight declines.Overall,ecosystem service value exhibits a moderate upward trend.Specifically,the ecological compensation amount for 2021 was RMB 11.291 billion,with an anticipated increase to RMB 11.367 billion post-reservoir filling,with the Maqin County area prioritized for compensation.Given uncertainties related to climate change and other factors,this study emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and long-term monitoring,and it provides an initial exploration of applying ecological compensation mechanisms across the entire lifecycle of hydropower projects.
作者
宋佳
郝珍珍
马俊勇
SONG Jia;HAO Zhenzhen;MA Junyong(POWERCHINA Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi′an 710065,China;China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2024年第12期118-123,130,共7页
Yangtze River
基金
中国地质环境监测院研发基金项目(20230105)。
关键词
生态系统服务价值
生态补偿
水电开发
生态价值当量法
玛尔挡水电站
ecosystem service value
ecological compensation
hydropower project construction
ecological value equivalence method
Maerdang Hydropower Station
