摘要
由于氢同位素相似的物理、化学性质,使分离高纯度的氢同位素成为现代分离技术的重大难题之一。实现高纯度氢同位素分离可为未来热核聚变反应堆提供大量的燃料,有望彻底解决能源危机。氛在中子慢化剂、同位素标记、核磁共振氢谱分析、制药等方面也有重要应用价值。但是目前工业化分离氢同位素的方法:低温精馏、Girdler硫化法均存在分离因子低、能耗高的问题,近年来研究人员发现微孔材料的量子筛效应在低温下可被用来分离氢同位素,并对其展开了计算和实验研究。本文介绍了微孔材料分离氢同位素的量子筛(QS)效应,包括动力学量子筛(KQS)效应与化学亲和量子筛(CAQS)效应,综述了部分金属有机框架(MOFs)作为分离氢同位素微孔材料的计算和实验结果。研究证明MOFs材料在低温分离氢同位素上具有较高的选择性。
Due to the similar physical and chemical properties of hydrogen isotopes,the separation of high-purity hydrogen isotopes has become one of the major problems in modern separation technology.The realization of high-purity hydrogen isotope separation can provide a large amount of fuel for future thermonuclear fusion reactors,which is expected to completely solve the energy crisis.Deuterium also has important application value in neutron moderator,isotope labeling,nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum analysis,and pharmaceuticals.However,the current methods of industrial separation of hydrogen isotopes,such as low-temperature distillation and Girdler-Sulfide process,have the problems of low separation factor and high energy consumption.In recent years,researchers have found that the quantum sieving effect of microporous materials can be used to separate hydrogen isotopes at low temperatures.Among them,the metal-organic framework has the advantages of designable structure,adjustable pore size,diverse functional groups,large specific surface area,and good stability.It has broad application prospects in the separation of hydrogen isotopes by quantum sieving effect.In this paper,the principle of quantum sieving(QS)effect for hydrogen isotope separation in microporous materials is introduced,including kinetic quantum sieving(KQS)effect and chemical affinity quantum sieving(CAQS)effect.The calculation and experimental results of some metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as microporous materials for hydrogen isotope separation are reviewed.Researchers have experimentally screened many highly selective materials,such as MOF-74 and its modified materials,MFU-41l and its modified materials,ZIF-type MOFs,etc.,at a low temperature of 20-50 K.Many metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)materials achieve hydrogen isotope separation through kinetic quantum sieving effect.By introducing active metal sites,some MOFs exhibit excellent selectivity and adsorption capacity above liquid nitrogen temperature,reducing the low temperature limit on t
作者
刘鹏
程嘉贤
马福秋
LIU Peng;CHENG Jia-xian;MA Fu-qiu(Yantai Research Institute,Harbin Engineering University,Yantai 264006,China;College of Nuclear Science and Technology,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)
出处
《核化学与放射化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期530-544,I0002,共16页
Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry
关键词
氢同位素分离
量子筛效应
微孔材料
金属有机框架
hydrogen isotope separation
quantum sieving
microporous materials
metal-organic frameworks
