摘要
为探究不同栽培基质的理化性质及它们对盆栽菊花生长的影响,本试验以辉煌(Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Huihuang’)、波尔多红(C.morifolium‘Boerduohong’)、黄芙蓉(C.morifolium‘Huangfurong’)3个菊花品种为研究材料,共设置12种不同配比基质配方,即比较20种常见基质材料的理化性质后,筛选出河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石、泥炭、椰糠、腐叶和稻壳这7种容易获得、理化性质有所差异的栽培基质,再按照不同体积比混合配制成12组处理,通过分析各栽培基质的理化性质和它们对盆栽菊花生根率、成活率和根系形态的影响,拟筛选出适宜培育盆栽菊花的基质配方。结果表明:(1)与河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石等无机基质相比,腐叶、椰糠、稻壳、泥炭等有机基质具有容重低、孔隙度高、土壤电导率(EC值)高和氮磷钾养分含量高等特点;(2)3个菊花品种在河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石、泥炭(Z1~Z4处理)中生根率和成活率高,均为100%,但在椰糠(Z5处理)中生根率和成活率显著低于其他处理组,并在稻壳∶珍珠岩体积比4∶1的基质(Z12处理)中全部死亡;(3)3个菊花品种在Z1、Z2处理中根系又短又粗、形态弯折,在Z3、Z4处理中根系则又长又细、形态竖直,在泥炭∶珍珠岩体积比4∶1的基质(Z6处理)、泥炭∶珍珠岩∶腐叶∶稻壳体积比6∶2∶1∶1的基质(Z7处理)和泥炭∶珍珠岩∶腐叶∶稻壳体积比2∶1∶1∶1的基质(Z8处理)中根系最健壮,但在Z5处理中根系形态表现最差;(4)采用隶属函数法对各栽培基质下盆栽菊花的生长状况进行综合评价,辉煌、波尔多红和黄芙蓉分别在Z4、Z7、Z6处理中的综合评价指数最高,最适宜盆栽菊花的生长。综上,栽培基质的理化性质对盆栽菊花的生长具有显著的影响,并且常见农林废弃物中的腐叶和稻壳在一定程度上可以代替泥炭作为培育盆栽菊花的优质栽培基质。
To explore the physicochemical properties of different culture substrates and their effects on the growth of potted chrysanthemum,three chrysanthemum varieties,namely,Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Huihuang’,C.morifolium‘Boerduohong’,C.morifolium‘Huangfurong’were used as the study materials in this experiment,a total of 12 different matrix formulations with different ratios were set up.In other words,after comparing the physicochemical properties of 20 common substrate materials,7 kinds of culture substrates with different physicochemical properties were selected,inclduing river sand,perlite,vermiculite,peat,coconut bran,rotting leaves and rice hull,and then 12 groups were mixed according to different volume ratios.By analyzing the physicochemical properties of each culture substrate and its effects on the rooting rate,survival rate and root morphology of potted chrysanthemum,the appropriate matrix formula for cultivating potted chrysanthemum was selected.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the inorganic substrates such as river sand,perlite and vermiculite,the organic substrates such as rotten leaves,coconut bran,rice hull and peat had the characteristics of low bulk density,high porosity,high soil electrical conductivity(EC value)and high nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content.(2)The rooting rate and survival rate of the three chrysanthemum varieties were high in river sand,perlite,vermiculite,and peat(Z1-Z4 treatments),all of which were 100%,but the rooting and survival rates in coconut bran(Z5 treatment)were significantly lower than those in other treatment groups,and all of them died in rice hull:perlite volume ratio of 4∶1 substrate(Z12 treatment).(3)In the Z1 and Z2 treatments,the roots of the three chrysanthemum varieties were short,thick and curved;In the Z3 and Z4 treatments,the roots were long,thin and vertical.In peat∶perlite volume ratio of 4∶1 substrate(Z6 treatment),peat∶perlite∶rotten leaves∶rice hull volume ratio of 6∶2∶1∶1 substrate(Z7 treatment)and peat∶perlite
作者
岳莉然
倪星雨
刘铭宇
周蕴薇
YUE Liran;NI Xingyu;LIU Mingyu;ZHOU Yunwei(College of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期2521-2534,共14页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
国家重点研发计划子课题(2019YFD1001500)。
关键词
盆栽菊花
栽培基质
植物生长
potted chrysanthemum
culture substrate
plant growth
