摘要
在英国学者佩里·安德森和法国学者梅劳·庞蒂对西方马克思主义的论述的影响下,我国经典西方马克思主义形成了两种流行的观点。一方面认为经典西方马克思主义是一股反列宁主义的非马克思主义思潮,另一方面又认为它是一股脱离政治经济学批判的抽象文化批判理论或文化马克思主义。上述两种观点不仅难以成立,而且制约了我国国外马克思主义研究走向深入。实际上,以卢卡奇、柯尔施、葛兰西和马尔库塞等为代表的理论家在哲学上都不赞成列宁对马克思主义哲学的阐释,只有阿尔都塞认同列宁对马克思主义哲学的阐释;卢卡奇、葛兰西与阿尔都塞在政治上高度肯定和赞扬列宁对社会主义运动的贡献;柯尔施和马尔库塞在政治上则对列宁持批评态度;以探索作为整体的无产阶级自由和解放为目的的经典西方马克思主义理论家,虽然重视文化意识形态在人类历史发展进程中的作用,但是他们非常注重探讨文化意识形态因素发挥作用的经济基础问题;以探索西方个人自由和解放为目的的理论家则呈现出逐渐脱离政治经济学批判,走向抽象的文化价值批判的发展趋势。只有从分析不同理论家所处的社会历史条件和文化传统,坚持马克思主义理论的科学性与革命性的理论本性、理论与实践相统一的辩证法,才能真正理解他们对待列宁在哲学思想和政治上的不同态度,真正把握其文化批判理论的实质。
Under the influence of British scholar Perry Anderson(佩里·安德森)and French scholar Maurice Merleau-Ponty's(梅劳·庞蒂)discussions on Western Marxism,two popular views have emerged in China's study of Classical Western Marxism.These views assert that Classical Western Marxism is either a non-Marxist trend opposing Leninism or an abstract theory of cultural critique,detached from the critique of political economy,known as Cultural Marxism.These two views are not only untenable but also hinder the indepth study of foreign Marxism in China.In actuality,the theorists represented by GYoRGY Lukacs(卢卡奇),KarlKorsch(柯尔施),ANTONIOFRANCESCO Gramsci(葛兰西)andHerbertMarcuse(马尔库塞)philosophically disagreed with Lenin's interpretation of Marxist philosophy,while only LOUIS PIERRE Althusser(阿尔都塞)agreed with Lenin's interpretation.Politically,Lukacs,Gramsci,and Althusser highly praised Lenin's contributions to the socialist movement,whereas Korsch and Marcuse took a critical attitude towards Lenin.Those Classical Western Marxist theorists,who aimed to explore the overall freedom and liberation of the proletariat,emphasized the economic foundations on which cultural ideological factors played their roles,though they attached importance to the role of ideology in the developmental process of human history.Those theorists who aimed to explore the individual freedom and liberation in the West presented a development trend of gradually detaching from the critique of political economy and moving towards the abstract critique of cultural value.Only by analyzing the respective social and historical conditions and cultural traditions of different theorists,adhering to the scientific and revolutionary nature of Marxist theory,and unifying theory and practice through dialectics,can we have a real understanding of their different attitudes towards Lenin's philosophical and political views,and have a real grasp of the essence of their theories on cultural critique.
作者
王雨辰
Wang Yuchen(School of Philosophy,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期12-21,共10页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“党的十八大以来党领导生态文明建设的理论创新与实践经验研究”(22AZD090)。
