摘要
为了解决掺杂碳材料中磷含量低的问题,以红磷为模板和磷源,采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积法一步合成高含量磷/硫(P/S)共掺杂碳网络材料(PSCN),并将其应用于钾离子电池。实验结果表明,P/S高含量(质量分数为31.11%)PSCN为碗状的碳网络结构,其具有碳间距大、缺陷程度高、比表面积大、微孔丰富和热稳定性好等特点。将PSCN作为钾离子电池负极时,在电流密度100 mA·g^(-1)下可逆容量达到557.1 mAh·g^(-1),在电流密度5 A·g^(-1)下可逆放电容量为140.3 mAh·g^(-1),经1 000圈循环后容量仍有137.4 mAh·g^(-1),容量保持率为69.5%,表现出优异的倍率和循环性能。而磷掺杂碳材料(PC),在电流密度100 mA·g^(-1)下的可逆容量为457.3 mAh·g^(-1),在5 A·g^(-1)下经1 000圈循环后容量仅有62.8 mAh·g^(-1),容量保持率较差为43.4%。PSCN的碗状结构有利于电解液的浸润,而其中的细小纤维可以很大程度地抑制K^(+)在嵌入/脱嵌过程中所引起的体积膨胀,从而有效地提升了钾离子电池的倍率和循环性能。此外,高含量P/S共掺杂还可以增加PSCN的活性位点,促进储钾动力学和提高离子传输能力,进而有效提升倍率性能、赝电容占比和K^(+)的扩散系数,降低反应电阻。本研究为发展钾离子电池负极材料的制备工艺提供了参考,起到理论支持作用。
To address the issue of low phosphorus content in doped carbon materials,red phosphorus was utilized as both a template and a phosphorus source.Through a one-step synthesis using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition,a highcontent phosphorus/sulfur co-doped carbon network(PSCN) was synthesized and applied to potassium-ion batteries.Experimental results indicated that the carbon/phosphorus/sulfur mixed plasma co-deposition process enabled the preparation of a carbon material with a high content of phosphorus/sulfur doping(31.11 wt%).The obtained material exhibited a bowlshaped carbon network structure.Due to the co-doping of phosphorus and sulfur,PSCN demonstrated characteristics such as large carbon spacing,high defect levels,large specific surface area,abundant micropores,and good thermal stability.When PSCN was utilized as the anode material for potassium-ion batteries,at a current density of 100 mA·g^(-1),the reversible capacity reached 557.1 mAh·g^(-1).Even at a current density of 5 A·g^(-1),the reversible discharge capacity was 140.3 mAh·g^(-1),and after 1 000 cycles,the capacity remained at 137.4 mAh·g^(-1),representing a capacity retention rate of 69.5%.This exhibited excellent rate and cycling performance.In contrast,the reversible capacity of phosphorus-doped carbon material(PC) at a current density of 100 mA·g^(-1) was 457.3 mAh·g^(-1),and after 1 000 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1),the capacity was only 62.8mAh·g^(-1) with a poor capacity retention rate(43.4%).The bowl-shaped structure of this material facilitated electrolyte infiltration,while the fine fibers within the carbon network significantly suppressed the volume expansion caused by the K^(+) insertion/deinsertion process,thereby effectively enhancing the rate and cycling performance of potassium-ion batteries.Additionally,the high content of phosphorus/sulfur co-doping increased the active sites of the carbon material,promoting potassium storage kinetics and ion transport capabilities,thereby effectively enhancing rate performance,pseudo-cap
作者
黄炜彦
李娜
HUANG Weiyan;LI Na(Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices/School of Material and Energy,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)
出处
《材料研究与应用》
CAS
2024年第6期1016-1024,共9页
Materials Research and Application
基金
广东省自然科学基金基础与应用基础研究项目(202002030460)。
关键词
钾离子电池
等离子体
高含量磷/硫共掺杂
碳网络
碗状结构
活性位点
循环性能
储钾动力学
potassium ion battery
plasma
high-content phosphorus/sulfur co-doping
carbon network
bowl-shaped structure
active site
cycling performance
potassium storage kinetics
