摘要
期间服务功能损害填补责任包括补偿性修复责任和期间服务功能损失赔偿责任。在生态环境恢复理念下,补偿性修复责任适用理应优先于期间服务功能损失赔偿责任。然而,审视期间服务功能损害填补责任的现状可以发现以下问题:一是法律规范层面没有明文规定行为人在期间服务功能损害能够修复时承担补偿性修复责任;二是司法实践中补偿性修复责任的适用相当有限,具体措施也不甚明确;三是司法实践中存在不当适用期间服务功能损失赔偿责任的现象。为了解决上述问题,可以尝试通过立法论或者解释论引入补偿性修复责任,并且完善期间服务功能损失赔偿责任。在解释论框架下,从《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千二百三十四条中衍生出补偿性修复责任的解释显然难以形成共识,这种解释论也无法体现补偿性修复责任优先于期间服务功能损失赔偿责任的顺位关系。采取立法论,在生态环境法典中规定补偿性修复责任更为合理可行。因此,可以在生态环境法典中分别设置补偿性修复责任条款和期间服务功能损失赔偿责任条款,补偿性修复责任条款重点突出能够通过补偿性修复措施填补期间服务功能损害的前提条件,而期间服务功能损失赔偿责任条款重点突出无法通过补偿性修复措施补偿期间服务功能损害的前提条件。
The compensation liability for interim damage of ecological service includes compensa-tory restoration liability and compensation liability for interim damage of ecological service.Under the concept of ecological environment restoration,compensatory restoration liability should take priority over compensation liability for interim damage of ecological service.However,upon examining the status quo of the compensation liability for interim damage of ecological service,it is found that:Firstly,there is no explicit provisions in the legal norms that stipulate the violator shall bear compensatory resto-ration liability when interim damage of ecological service can be restored.Secondly,the application of compensatory restoration liability is quite limited in the judicial practice,and there are no clear specific measures in this regard.Thirdly,there exist improper application of compensation liability for interim damage of ecological service in the judicial practice.To deal with the above-mentioned problems,the compensatory restoration liability can be introduced through legislative process or judicial interpretation to improve the compensation liability for interim damage of ecological service.Under the framework of judicial interpretation,it is obviously difficult to reach a consensus on compensatory restoration liability based on the interpretation of Article 1234 of the China's Civil Code,and the interpretation also fails to re-flect the priority of compensatory restoration liability over compensation liability for interim damage of ecological service.Thus,it is more reasonable and feasible to stipulate compensatory restoration liability in the environmental code through legislative process.Therefore,both clauses of compensatory restora-tion liability and compensation liability for interim damage of ecological service should be included separately in the environmental code.The compensatory restoration liability clause should highlight the prerequisite for compensating for interim damage of ecological service that ca
作者
王小钢
于晶云
Wang Xiaogang;Yu Jingyun(Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)
出处
《学术论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期55-65,共11页
Academic Forum
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“生态环境修复公私法责任协同研究”(21BFX210)。
关键词
生态环境法典
期间服务功能损害
补偿性修复
期间服务功能损失赔偿
生态环境恢复
the environmental code
interim damage of ecological service
compensatory restoration
compensation for interim damage of ecological service
ecological environment restoration
