制度型开放能否提高地区创业水平——基于自由贸易试验区设立的研究

Can Institutional Opening Up Improve the Level of Regional Entrepreneurship--A Study Based on the Establishment of Pilot Free Trade Zones

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摘要在政策型开放向制度型开放转型背景下,如何有效释放制度型开放红利,提升地区创业水平,逐渐成为中国建设高水平开放、实现经济高质量发展值得关注的焦点问题。基于此,文章以自由贸易试验区设立为准自然实验,采用交叠双重差分法,实证探讨自由贸易试验区建设与地区创业水平之间的因果联系。研究结果表明:自由贸易试验区设立显著提升了地区创业水平,且该结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制分析结果显示,自由贸易试验区设立主要通过各类制度创新政策引致的金融集聚效应、要素集聚效应以及制度开放效应来提升地区企业创业活力。进一步进行异质性分析发现,自由贸易试验区设立主要提升了服务业企业、高市场化水平地区企业以及非国有企业创业活力。与此同时,进一步分析表明,自由贸易试验区建设与同属制度型开放框架下的“一带一路”倡议存在政策联动效应。本文研究旨在为我国创业格局变化的制度动因提供较为严谨的理论和实证解释。 Under the background of transformation from policy-based opening up to institutional opening up,how to effectively release the dividends of institutional opening up and to enhance the level of regional entrepreneurship has gradually become a focus of attention in China’s efforts to build a high level of opening up and to realize economic high-quality development.Based on this,this article takes the establishment of the Pilot Free Trade Zones(FTZs)as a quasi-natural experiment,and empirically explores the causal link between the construction of FTZs and the level of regional entrepreneurship by adopting the overlapping double-difference method.The results of the study show that the establishment of FTZs significantly enhances the level of regional entrepreneurship,which still holds after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis shows that the establishment of FTZs mainly enhances the entrepreneurial vitality of regional enterprises through the financial agglomeration effect,the factor agglomeration effect,and the institutional opening up effect induced by various kinds of institutional innovation policies.Further,the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the establishment of FTZs mainly enhances the entrepreneurial vitality of service enterprises,enterprises in high marketisation areas and non-state-owned enterprises.Meanwhile,further analyses show that there is a policy linkage effect between the establishment of FTZs and the Belt and Road Initiative,which is also under the framework of institutional opening up.This study provides a rigorous theoretical and empirical explanation for the institutional drivers of the changing entrepreneurial landscape in China.

作者刘栩君胡耀朱玉林 LIU Xu-jun;HU Yao;ZHU Yu-lin