摘要
【目的】基于寒红梨生产中因花果管理不到位而导致果实着色差、内在品质降低等问题,开展疏果对寒红梨果实生长发育及品质影响的研究,旨在为梨产业提质增效技术研发提供数据支撑。【方法】以20年生寒红梨为试材,花后7d采用花序留单果、双果和三果进行疏果处理。通过开展果实生长发育动态观察及果实品质指标测定,综合分析疏果对果实生长发育及品质的影响。【结果】不同疏果处理对寒红梨果实大小的影响从果实迅速膨大期开始,内、外层果肉细胞排列疏松,细胞体积大,细胞层数多;不同疏果处理对果实内在品质改善影响显著,果实硬度普遍降低,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及还原糖含量升高,可滴定酸含量降低。具体表现为G3处理(每花序留3个果实)果实硬度和可溶性糖含量(w,后同)最高,分别为2.54kg·m^(-2)、9.29%,G1处理(每花序留1个果实)可溶性固形物含量最高,为14.68%,G2处理(每花序留2个果实)可滴定酸和还原糖含量最高,分别为4.17%、7.01%;疏果后花序产量、单株产量与花序留果数呈正相关,单果质量与花序留果数呈负相关。【结论】疏果可提高寒红梨相应花序保留果实的综合品质,尤其单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、硬度等指标,总体表现为花序留果越少提升效果越好;寒红梨为中大型果,花后7d疏果,以每花序留1个果实为宜。
【Objective】Pear is a kind of fruit crop with many flowers in clusters.Each cluster generally contains more than 5 flowers,and the fruit setting rate is high.If the flower and fruit thinnings are not taken properly in production to bring with overloading,this often causes large differences in fruit size,poor coloring and poor quality,resulting in reduced economic benefits.For the excellent varieties,their own quality may be excellent,but in the large-scale commercial production,if there is no scientific tech-nical guidance for flower and fruit thinning,the high load per plant often results in lower high-quality-fruit rate,poor fruit market competitiveness,and low economic benefit,so as to seriously affect the pear farmers’growing enthusiasm.In order to ensure the sustainable development of the industry,the re-search and application of fruit thinning technology play an important role in achieving stable and high yield,high quality and high efficiency in the pear industry.As different pear cultivars have various amount of flowers and differential fruit setting rates,it is urgent to determine the appropriate amount of fruit retention in Hanhong pear.【Methods】Thinning treatments were carried out at 7th day after flower-ing,with no fruit thinning serving as the control.The internal and external qualities of fruits with each fruit thinning treatment were determined,and the effects of each treatment on the external and internal fruit quality were analyzed.【Results】According to the results of fruit growth and quality,different flowers in a cluster had a certain effect on the yield and single fruit weight.With the decrease of the or-dinal position in a cluster,the single fruit weight of Hanhong pear showed an upward trend,while the yield showed a downward trend.It showed that fruit thinning could significantly reduce the yield of the corresponding cluster,but it significantly increased the single fruit weight and produced larger fruits.Compared with the control,the ordinal position fruits of G1 and G2 showed
作者
李思宇
武春昊
卢明艳
闫兴凯
赵滢
张茂君
王强
LI Siyu;WU Chunhao;LU Mingyan;YAN Xingkai;ZHAO Ying;ZHANG Maojun;WANG Qiang(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast China Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center)Fruit Research Insti-tute/Northeast China(Jilin)Fruit Science Observation and Experimental Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Gong-zhuling 136100,Jilin,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期2436-2443,共8页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
吉林省果树创新中心(20210502011ZP)
吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2023RCY023)。
关键词
寒红梨
疏果
生长发育
果实品质
Hanhong pear
Fruit thinning
Growth and development
Fruit quality
