摘要
“幸福”是西方哲学研究中的重要范畴,约翰·穆勒在《功利主义》一书中对幸福的概念作了进一步澄清,他将幸福视作快乐的体现与痛苦的解脱。这里说的“幸福”或“快乐”并非指代动物层面的满足与愉悦,而是特指人类所能体验到的幸福与快乐。幸福是可欲的,它自然成为人们追求幸福目的的一部分。与此同时,这些具体的幸福目标又成为人们获取幸福总量的有效工具。道德,关联苦乐,其价值在于带来幸福,应视为幸福的重要部分并进行实践。穆勒认为,每个人的幸福对于个体而言,都是无可替代的“善”。同样地,当我们将视线投向整个社会,公众的幸福便成为了一种集体的、更为广泛的“善”。他倡导通过公正的社会制度和合理的分配机制,让更多的人分享到幸福的果实,并将其视为最大幸福原则。
“Happiness”is a significant concept in Western philosophical studies.In his work Utilitarianism,John Stuart Mill further clarifies this concept,viewing it as the manifestation of pleasure and the alleviation of pain.The term“happiness”or“pleasure”here does not refer to the satisfaction or joy at the animal level,but specifically to the happiness and pleasure that humans can experience.Happiness is a desirable state,and it inherently constitutes a component of the pursuit of well-being.Concurrently,these specific goals of happiness serve as effective means for individuals to achieve an overall increase in their well-being.Morality,connected to pleasure and pain,has the value of bringing happiness and should be considered an essential part of happiness to be practiced.John Stuart Mill believed that the happiness of each individual is an irreplaceable“goodness”for that person.Similarly,when we shift our focus to society as a whole,the happiness of the public becomes a collective and more extensive form of“goodness”.He advocates for the establishment of just social institutions and equitable distribution mechanisms to allow more people to share in the fruits of happiness,considering this as the principle of maximum happiness.
作者
李晔
Li Ye(School of Marxism,Xizang University,Lhasa 850000)
出处
《西部学刊》
2024年第24期150-153,共4页
Journal of Western
关键词
约翰·穆勒
功利主义
幸福观
John Stuart Mill
utilitarianism
the view of happiness
