摘要
睾丸微石症(TML)是一种少见病,与睾丸肿瘤、男性不育有着一定关系。其发病率总体呈上升趋势,发病高峰在11岁左右。病因和发病机制目前仍是研究热点,其发生与睾丸局部损伤、遗传、感染、饮食、生活习惯及基础疾病均有一定关系。阴囊超声结果是TML的主要诊断依据,也是其分类分级的参照指标。TML的治疗主要是处理并发症。曾患生殖细胞肿瘤、睾丸下降不良、睾丸固定术后、睾丸萎缩且体积<12 mL、一级亲属有生殖细胞肿瘤病史的或伴有相关遗传性疾病的TML患儿需密切随访,出现异常情况及时转诊至专科。若超声发现局灶性病变或大钙化灶,应尽早转诊至专科。
Testicular microlithiasis(TML)is a relatively rare disease associated with testicular tumors and male infertility.The incidence of TML is on the rise,peaking around the age of 11 years old.While the etiology and pathogenesis remain to be fully elucidated,and its occurrence is related to testicular injury,genetic predisposition,infections,dietary habits,lifestyle choices,and underlying medical conditions.Ultrasoundimaging serves as the primary diagnostic tool for TML,playing a crucial role in its classification and grading.The treatment of TML is mainly management of these complications.Children with TML who have a history of germ cell tumors,undescended testes,post-orchiopexy,testicular atrophy with a volume of less than 12 mL,a family history of germ cell tumors,or related genetic disorders require close observation and should be promptly referred to specialists upon detection of any abnormalities.Furthermore,cases exhibiting focal lesions or significant calcifications on ultrasound warrant immediate referral to specialists.
作者
高若影(综述)
乔晓红(审校)
GAO Ruoying;QIAO Xiaohong(Department of Pediatrics,Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University(Shanghai Tongji Hospital),Shanghai 200065,China)
出处
《临床儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期1056-1062,共7页
Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
关键词
睾丸微石症
睾丸肿瘤
不育
儿童
testicular microlithiasis
testicular tumors
infertility
child
