摘要
为探究浙江省衢州市水稻种植和土壤肥力现状,基于247份农户问卷调研和152份土样检测数据,采用主成分分析法和成本效益分析法,从土壤理化性质、水稻种植品种、种植模式、肥料施用和成本收益等方面分析了区域水稻生产现状及土壤质量。结果表明:1)衢州市水稻种植主要采用“双季稻”即“早稻-晚稻”模式,占调研总户数73.01%;其次为“单季稻”即“单种早/中/晚稻”模式,占调研总户数17.32%。水稻品种以杂交稻为主,‘甬优1540’等优质稻种种植比例较高。2)化肥施用普遍超标,32.54%的种植户氮肥用量超过240 kg/hm^(2),磷肥和钾肥平均用量分别为123和155 kg/hm^(2),均严重超过当地推荐用量标准。3)区域稻田土壤pH平均为5.84,偏酸性;有机质和全氮含量处于较高水平,而全磷含量偏低;区域间土壤质量指数存在显著差异,主要受土壤有效磷、有机质和微生物量碳含量的影响。4)不同水稻种植模式下,“双季稻”产量最高,“单季稻”次之;但“单季稻”的产投比和利润率优于“双季稻”,经济效益较高,结合当地劳动力短缺现状,更受种植户青睐。因此,建议加快选育和推广适宜衢州市种植的优质抗病水稻品种;减少矿物肥料用量,合理配施有机肥提高肥料的利用效率;加大土壤酸化治理力度;推动高标准农田建设和农业机械化进程,促进区域水稻产业的高质量发展,从而助力乡村振兴和农业现代化建设。
In order to investigate the current situation of rice cultivation and soil fertility in Quzhou City,Zhejiang Province,based on 247 questionnaires from farmers and 152 soil samples,the current situation of regional rice production and soil quality was analyzed from the aspects of soil physical and chemical properties,rice cultivation varieties,planting patterns,fertilizer application and cost-benefit analysis by using principal component analysis and cost-benefit analysis.The results showed that:1)Quzhou City mainly adopted the“double-season rice”,i.e.,“early rice-late rice”mode,accounting for 73.01% of the total number of households in the study;followed by the“single-season rice”,i.e.,“single early/middle/late rice”mode,accounting for 17.32% of the total number of households in the study.Rice varieties are mainly hybrids,with a high proportion of high-quality rice varieties such as‘Yongyou1540’.2)Fertilizer application generally exceeded the standard.Around 32.54%of the growers used more than 240 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen fertilizer,and the average amounts of phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer were 123 and 155 kg/hm^(2) respectively,which seriously exceeded the local recommended dosage standard.3)The average of regional paddy field soil pH was 5.84 and the soil was acidic;the content of organic matter and total nitrogen was at a relatively high level,while the content of total phosphorus was low.There was significant difference in soil quality index between regions,which was mainly affected by the content of effective phosphorus,organic matter and microbial carbon.4)Under different planting modes,the yield of“doubleseason rice”was the highest,followed by“single-season rice”.However,the production/input ratio and profitability of“single-season rice”were better than that of“double-season rice”,with higher economic benefits,and it was more preferable to the growers combined with the current situation of labor shortage in the region.Therefore,it is recommended to accelerate t
作者
张鑫
徐霄
江天
李贝
陈文君
郭佳旭
周冉冉
田静
ZHANG Xin;XU Xiao;JIANG Tian;LI Bei;CHEN Wenjun;GUO Jiaxu;ZHOU Ranran;TIAN Jing(Quzhou Beautiful Countryside Construction Center,Quzhou 323000,China;College of Resources and Environment Sciences,National Academy of Agriculture Green Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期33-44,共12页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32071629)
碳账户核算及减排固碳技术研究项目(衢农合2022-31)
衢州市农业碳中和账户建设项目(衢农合2021-27)。
关键词
土壤质量评价
种植模式
肥料应用
成本收益
soil quality assessment
cropping patterns
fertilizer application
cost-benefit
