摘要
中老跨境地区是生物多样性保护的重点区域,明晰边境地区跨境物种的生境分布格局及变化,对开展跨境合作及维持边境地区生物多样性具有重要意义。以云南勐腊、老挝北部三省为例,利用MaxEnt模型和HSI模型,结合野外监测的亚洲象活动点位,研究中老边境地区1985—2020年以来亚洲象的生境格局及变化特征,并评估跨境保护区保护成效。结果表明:(1)研究区内亚洲象生境面积约占85%,主要分布在东西两侧,中部区域的亚洲象生境主要位于中老跨境联合保护区内;1985—2020年,研究区内亚洲象生境面积减少了2.4%,其中最适生境减少最多(占4.51%);(2)1985年和2020年研究区亚洲象生境的冷热点区分布大致相似,冷点与热点区域面积各占约20%,并且热点区主要集中于低海拔地带;(3)联合保护区内90%的亚洲象生境受到了保护,其中约1/2是亚洲象适宜生境;1985—2020年,中老跨境联合保护区内亚洲象适宜生境面积增加了251.26 km^(2),保护区外的西侧区域存在大量亚洲象适宜生境,而部分亚洲象跨境活动通道的生境适宜性有所下降。因此,研究建议可将联合保护区以外西侧的大片亚洲象适宜生境纳入联合保护区进行管理,并对适宜性较低的跨境活动通道进行修复或拓展适宜性较高的潜在通道,为跨境象群的交流创造条件。研究结果有助于认识边境地区亚洲象的生境空间格局及其变化,为跨境保护工作的开展提供科学依据。
China⁃Laos transboundary areas are crucial for biodiversity conservation.Understanding the habitat distribution and changes of transboundary species is essential for fostering cooperation and maintaining biodiversity.This study analyzed the habitat patterns and changes of Asian elephants in the transboundary area between Mengla,Yunnan province,and northern Laos from 1985 to 2020 using MaxEnt and HSI models and evaluated the effectiveness of transboundary conservation areas based on the habitat suitability of Asian elephants.The results showed that:(1)Asian elephant habitat in the study area accounted for approximately 85%,primarily distributed in the east and west sides,with the central region located in the China⁃Laos transboundary conservation area;the habitat area decreased by 2.4%from 1985 to 2020,with the most significant decline of 4.51%occurring in the optimal habitats;(2)In 1985 and 2020,the spatial distribution of hot and cold spots remained similar,with each accounting for about 20%,and hot spots were mainly concentrated in low altitude areas.(3)90%of Asian elephants′habitat was protected within the China⁃Laos transboundary conservation area,with about half being suitable habitats;from 1985 to 2020,the suitable habitat area for Asian elephants within the China⁃Laos transboundary conservation area increased by 251.26 km2.Additionally,a large number of suitable habitats are located in the western area outside the transboundary conservation area,although some transboundary passages were less suitable.Therefore,it is recommended to incorporate suitable habitats on the west side of the China⁃Laos transboundary conservation area into the management plan,transboundary passages should be repaired in areas where suitability has decreased,and potential passages should be further developed in high⁃suitability areas.The research results can provide a reference for Asian elephant protection and management in the China⁃Laos transboundary areas.
作者
陈飞
张杰京
王利繁
熊朝永
樊辉
CHEN Fei;ZHANG Jiejing;WANG Lifan;XIONG Chaoyong;FAN Hui(Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;Asian Elephant Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650216,China;Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650216,China;Research Institute of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve,Jinghong 666100,China;Asian Elephant Protection Management Center of Xishuangbanna,Jinghong 666100,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第22期10222-10233,共12页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
澜湄合作中老跨境亚洲象栖息地质量评估项目(102169221100000009022)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971239)
云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项-技术创新人才培养对象项目(202405AD350055)。
