摘要
地震是造成我国石窟寺珍贵文物及载体损伤、开裂和坍塌的主要因素之一。本文梳理了已有地震预测、灾害防控、灾后重建、监测预警及石窟寺保护加固等研究现状,针对石窟寺构造背景及结构复杂、地震对石窟寺文物及游客威胁程度大、地震频率高、预测难、最小干预原则加大结构改良等问题,以地处高烈度区、山体独立放大效应高、石窟参观游览人流密集、避险场地局限、文物脆弱易损等地震威胁突出的麦积山石窟为例,阐述了涵盖震源—传播介质—场地—石窟文物—致灾全过程的石窟寺复杂承灾体地震风险评价方法,形成了考虑震害效应和涵盖人员、文物安全、经济合理的地震风险等级划分方法和指标体系,提出了石窟寺地震灾害风险防控与应急管理对策,对我国石窟寺地震灾害风险评价与防控管理研究具有示范意义,也可为丝绸之路沿线国家石窟寺抗震防灾提供研究方法和理论支撑。
Earthquakes are one of the main causes of damage to the precious cultural relics in the cave temples of China,as well as to the caves themselves.This paper reviews the current status of research on the prediction of earthquakes,disaster prevention and control,post-disaster reconstruction,on-site monitoring and early warning systems,and the overall protection and reinforcement of cave temples.This paper uses the Maijishan Grottoes as a case study in view of the mountainous terrain of the site,the dense flow of tourists that regularly visit the caves,the limited number of shelter sites,and the vulnerability of the cultural relics collected in the cave temples.The investigations in the case study aim to pay particular attention to various issues related to earthquake activity,including the complex tectonic atmosphere of the cave sites and the structure of various cave temples,the high threat level that earthquakes pose to cave temples,cultural relics and tourists,the high frequency of earthquakes in the region,the difficulty of predicting tectonic activity,and the difficulty of making structural improvements while respecting a principle of minimum intervention.In addition,this paper explains a detailed earthquake risk assessment method that can be applied to the complex disaster-bearing structures in the cave temples,which covers the entire disaster process and includes information on the earthquake source,the transmission medium,the construction of the site,and cultural relics.Based on this information,a methodological system for earthquake risk level classification has also been formed that takes into consideration the effects of earthquake damage,the safety of personnel and cultural relics,and the economic feasibility of enacting the recommended measures.Counter measures for earthquake disaster prevention and for the control and management of emergency situations are also proposed,which not only has significance for the research of earthquake risk assessment and prevention measures for the cave temples in China,b
作者
裴强强
刘鸿
郭青林
赵建忠
李文俊
王彦武
PEI Qiangqiang;LIU Hong;CUO Qingli;ZHAO janzhong;LI Wenjun;WANG Yanwu(Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200,China;Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage,Dunhuang 736200,China;National research center for conservation of ancient wall paintings and earthen sites,Dunhuang 736200,China;School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)
出处
《石窟与土遗址保护研究》
2024年第3期64-78,共15页
Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(U22A20599)。
关键词
石窟寺
地震灾害
响应机理
风险防治
应急管理
Cave temples
earthquake damage
response mechanism
risk prevention and control
emergency management
