摘要
委托合同作为一种“为他人行事”的合同模式,其本质特征在于委托人与受托人之间非对抗性的利益格局。当受托人的个人利益与委托人的利益发生冲突,并导致委托人未实现其本可期望的最佳利益时,就构成委托合同中的利益冲突。《中华人民共和国民法典》并未对委托合同中的利益冲突问题作出明确规定,需要通过法律解释予以明确。在规范依据上,利益冲突不宜被纳入注意义务与超越委托权限等规范范围之内。利益冲突实质上构成了对受托人忠实义务之违反,应适用《中华人民共和国民法典》第五百零九条第二款关于特殊诚信义务与第九百一十九条关于事务履行义务之规定。在利益冲突的法律救济方面,一般情况下,可采取损失赔偿、解除委托合同、拒绝管理行为效力的移转等不同层级的救济措施。而在特殊情况下,当受托人因违反忠实义务而获得高于委托人实际损失的利益时,基于法律政策的抑制论,应对《中华人民共和国民法典》第九百二十七条进行目的性扩张解释,以实现获利交出的实际效果。
A contract of mandate,as a model of“acting on behalf of others,”is characterized by a nonadversarial interest structure between the mandator and the mandatary.A conflict of interest arises in a contract of mandate when the mandatary’s personal interests conflict with those of the mandator,resulting in the mandator not achieving the optimal benefits they could have expected.The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China does not explicitly address conflicts of interest in contracts of mandate,necessitating clarification through legal interpretation.Normatively,conflicts of interest should not be subsumed under the duty of care or the scope of authority.Essentially,a conflict of interest constitutes a breach of the mandatary’s duty of loyalty and should be subject to Article 509,Paragraph 2 of the Civil Code regarding special fiduciary duties,and Article 919 concerning the duty of performance.In terms of legal remedies for conflicts of interest,generally,various levels of remedies such as compensation for losses,termination of the contract of mandate,and refusal to transfer the effectiveness of management actions can be employed.In special circumstances,when the mandatary obtains benefits exceeding the mandator’s actual losses due to a breach of the duty of loyalty,a purposive expansion of Article 927 of the Civil Code should be applied,based on the inhibitory theory of legal policy,to achieve the actual effect of disgorging profits.
作者
张雅萍
李村
ZHANG Yaping;LI Cun(School of Law,Guangdong University of Finance&Economics,Guangzhou 510521,China;Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochou University,Jiangsu,Suzhou 215006,China)
出处
《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期122-136,共15页
Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
广东省哲学社会科学“十四五”规划2022年度学科共建项目(GD22XFX01)
2023年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX23_3192)。
关键词
委托合同
利益冲突
注意义务
忠实义务
获利交出
the contract of mandate
conflicts of interest
duty of care
duty of loyalty
disgorgement of profits
