摘要
故宫博物院藏银镀金嵌宝石花盆形簪是清代道光年间的的面簪,属于钿花的一种,通常镶嵌于钿子的顶部,作为清代宫廷细金工艺的典型代表,此面簪背面戳记“聚珍”“二两平”,显示了宫廷首饰的制作机构为民间首饰行“聚珍斋”,且平码使用的是民间常用平码“二两平”。目前,该文物因存在表面污渍、金属锈蚀、宝石脱落和点翠松动脱落等伤况急需修复。在修复前利用显微观察、拉曼光谱、红外光谱(FTIR)、热裂解/气相色谱-质谱联用分析(Py-GC/MS)等测试技术对文物镶嵌所用宝石种属和胶粘剂成分进行了检测,结果显示文物的主要镶嵌宝石材料有珍珠、尖晶石和碧玺,宝石粘接剂主要成分为蜂蜡和松香的混合材料,为了衬托粉色宝石材料,其中还加入了朱砂作为调色剂。根据文物材料特性,有针对性的进行了精细除尘、点翠粘接和宝石粘接的保护修复操作,为花丝点翠嵌宝石类的文物保护修复提供经验支持。
The gold-plated silver gemstone-inlaid flowerpot-shaped hairpin belongs to a kind of hairpin decoration mounted on the top of Dian Zi(a kind of hat).It is from the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty,and is part of the Palace Museum’s collection.The inscriptions on its back“Ju Zhen”and“Er Liang Ping”indicate that this artifact was crafted by the civilian jewelry workshop“Juzhenzhai”with the weight standard following the commonly used civilian measure of“Er Liang Ping”.This artifact exemplifies the fine metalworking techniques of the Qing imperial court,demonstrating a sophisticated approach to the hierarchy of design,gradation of colour,and material combination.Prior to restoration,the hairpin exhibited various issues,including surface grime,metal corrosion,gemstone detachment,and loosened or missing kingfisher feather inlays.The authors used analysis techniques such as microscopic observation,Raman spectroscopy,infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)to conduct analysis and testing.Gemstones and adhesives used in the inlay of the hairpin were tested,thereby determining the restoration methods and adhesive selection for different materials.The main gemstone setting materials are pearls,spinels and tourmalines.The gemstone binder is mainly composed of a mixture of beewax and pine resin.In order to complement the pink gemstone material,cinnabar is also added as a toner.The authors used corresponding restoration techniques according to different damage conditions and carried out the steps of dust removal,kingfisher feather adhesion and gem adhesion,offering practical experience for the conservation of similar artifacts.
作者
展菲
罗涵
任萌
ZHAN Fei;LUO Han;REN Meng(Department of Conservation and Restoration,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;Department of Conservation Science,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)
关键词
面簪
科技检测
细金工艺
保护修复
清代藏品
hairpin
scientific analysis
fine metalworking
preservation and restoration
collection of Qing Dynasty
