摘要
【目的】评价、筛选适宜广东“稻稻油”三熟制模式的早熟、高产、优质油菜品种,解决目前生产上轮作茬口不衔接的突出问题,促进广东粮油产能提升。【方法】试验在双季稻冬闲田实施,以25个早熟甘蓝型冬油菜品种为评价材料,调查测定各品种的生育期、产量、品质等重要性状,分析其与气象因子的相关性。【结果】试验品种全生育期变幅为136~151 d,播种期至初花期、初花期至盛花期、盛花期至终花期、终花期至成熟期的持续时间均值分别为88.0、7.2、21.1和30.0 d,大于0℃平均有效积温分别为1648.4、98.3、360.3和525.3℃;平均产量1832.1 kg·hm^(−2)(变幅1279.0~2288.1 kg·hm^(−2)),平均日产量12.5 kg·hm^(−2)(变幅8.6~15.5 kg·hm^(−2));每角粒数与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);籽粒含油量(w)平均44.5%(变幅40.4%~48.4%),蛋白质含量(w)平均22.4%(变幅19.2%~25.4%),油酸含量(w)平均58.5%(变幅19.6%~73.3%)。相关分析表明,产量与播种期至初花期的平均温度和光合有效辐射均呈极显著正相关,含油量与播种期至初花期的平均温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、与光合有效辐射呈极显著正相关。聚类分析表明,11个不同生育期的品种属于高产类型,日产量高以及每角粒数、一次分枝数和单株有效角果数多是其主要特征。【结论】早熟甘蓝型冬油菜品种在广东的适应性差别大,日产量高以及每角粒数、一次分枝数和单株有效角果数多的品种能够充分利用生育前期光温资源,有利于高产和高油性状形成,适宜在粤中与丘陵稻作区“稻稻油”模式中应用。
【Objective】To evaluate and select the early-maturing,high-yield and high-quality rape varieties suitable for the triple-cropping mode of“rice-rice-rape”in Guangdong Province,solve the outstanding problem of non-alignment of crop rotation at present,and promote the improvement of grain and oil production capacity in Guangdong Province.【Method】The experiment was carried out in the winter idle field of double-cropping rice.The 25 early-maturing winter rape(Brassica napus L.)varieties were selected as evaluation materials,their growth duration,yield and quality traits were assessed,and their correlations with meteorological factors were analyzed as well.【Result】The whole growth duration of 25 winter rape varieties ranged from 136 to 151 d.The average days from sowing stage to initial flowering stage,from initial flowering stage to full flowering stage,from full flowering stage to final flowering stage,and from final flowering stage to maturity stage were 88.0,7.2,21.1 and 30.0 d respectively;The average values of accumulative effective temperatures above 0℃were 1648.4,98.3,360.3 and 525.3℃respectively.Their average yield was 1832.1 kg·hm^(−2),ranging from 1279.0 to 2288.1 kg·hm^(−2).The average daily yield was 12.5 kg·hm^(−2),ranging from 8.6 to 15.5 kg·hm^(−2).The seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with seeds per pod(P<0.01).The seed oil content(w)averaged 44.5%,varying from 40.4%to 48.4%.The protein content(w)was 22.4%on average,with a range between 19.2%and 25.4%.Additionally,the average oleic acid content(w)was 58.5%,with a range between 19.6%and 73.3%.According to correlation analysis,from sowing stage to initial flowering stage,yield had extremely significant positive correlation with average temperature and photosynthetically active radiation,oil content had significant positive correlation with average temperature(P<0.05),and extremely significant positive correlation with photosynthetically active radiation.Cluster analysis discoverd 11 high-yield-type vari
作者
彭菁菁
潘俊峰
汪家凯
李妹娟
胡香玉
梁开明
傅友强
刘彦卓
胡锐
王昕钰
叶群欢
尹媛红
PENG Jingjing;PAN Junfeng;WANG Jiakai;LI Meijuan;HU Xiangyu;LIANG Kaiming;FU Youqiang;LIU Yanzhuo;HU Rui;WANG Xinyu;YE Qunhuan;YIN Yuanhong(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《华南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期956-965,共10页
Journal of South China Agricultural University
基金
2024年广东省乡村振兴战略专项(粤农农计〔2024〕68号)
广东省农业科学院水稻研究所优谷计划(2024YG02)。
关键词
三熟制
“稻稻油”模式
水旱轮作
甘蓝型冬油菜
产量
Triple-cropping system
“Rice-rice-rape”cropping system
Paddy-upland rotation
Brassica napus L.
Yield
