摘要
司法正义是一个兼具普遍正义和差序正义的复合体。司法正义的普遍性源自法治统一原则的内在规定性,而司法正义的差序性则属于区域发展差序结构之产物。以刑事司法为例,基于量刑地区差异的Blinder-Oaxaca分解,可以客观地呈现司法正义的区差规律:法定因素是导致量刑地区差异的主要原因,罪行严重程度越高的地区,其量刑结果越重;非法定因素即法官的自由裁量对量刑地区差异的影响是有限的;社会经济发展水平深刻影响法官的个案认知,社会经济发展水平越高的地区,法官对相同犯罪数额危害程度的认定越宽松。为此,有必要建立裁判辅助系统,根据地区经济指标对犯罪数额进行折算,引入量刑地区差异的监测模型,并且强化裁判文书的撰写规范,以确保将正义区差控制在合理的范围内。
Regional disparities in judicial decisions pose a risk of undermining judicial justice and have therefore always received significant attention from the Chinese judiciary.Taking criminal justice as an example,the Supreme People’s Court of China has been implementing sentencing standardization reforms since 2008,emphasizing that this is a long-term endeavor.On March 8,2023,the Supreme People’s Court stated in its work report:“Maintain and promote social fairness;strengthen the unification of adjudication standards,and effectively prevent fairness and justice from being compromised due to regional,urban-rural,and industry differences.”Despite years of effort and significant progress in sentencing standardization,there remains a risk of sentencing imbalances in China’s judiciary.Existing studies have shown that regional sentencing disparities objectively exist in China.However,due to limitations in research methods,there has been no fact-based response to whether these disparities are within reasonable limits and what factors primarily cause them.This study uses publicly available verdicts of bribery cases nationwide from 2020 as samples and employs the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to quantify the extent of sentencing disparities between regions with different levels of economic development,as well as the contribution of relevant influencing factors to these disparities.Regarding overall differences:the ranking of the severity of bribery offenses from most to least serious is Region 3>Region 1>Region 2;the ranking of sentencing outcomes from harshest to lightest is Region 3>Region 1>Region 2;the ranking of strictness in judges’application of the law from strictest to most lenient is Region 3>Region 2>Region 1.It shows that although judges in different regions do not have uniform standards of discretion,they overall adhere to the principle of proportionality between crime and punishment.In terms of group differences,the ranking of judges’discretionary power in determining the amount involved in t
作者
江国华
孙琪伟
Jiang Guohua;Sun Qiwei(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430000,P.R.China)
出处
《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期61-72,共12页
Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“中国案例制度体系与实践主义司法哲学研究”(16AZD025)。
