摘要
我国已进入全球低生育国家行列,国家和地方政府近年来陆续出台了鼓励生育的家庭政策,然而生育率和生育意愿仍在持续下降。已有研究较少分析中国家庭政策效果,本文从“去家庭化”“家庭化”和“去性别化”三个维度构建家庭政策的分类和评估框架。同时,运用心理账户理论,进一步构建生育行为的支出成本—政策收益分析模型,并通过两个调查实验(N=583+575)比较三种不同导向家庭政策对生育意愿的影响及其机制。研究发现:(1)不同导向家庭政策对生育意愿均具有积极影响,且“去家庭化”的托育服务和“去性别化”的延长男性陪产假比“家庭化”的现金补贴更有效;(2)除了经济成本等理性因素,生育决策也受主观情感上获得性、公平性感知的影响;(3)托育服务和现金补贴分别通过增加工作时间账户、经济账户的认知途径发挥作用,而延长男性陪产假主要通过满足公平性需求的情感途径起效。本研究推进了我国家庭政策的实证研究和国际比较研究,为完善我国家庭政策、促进生育意愿提供参考价值。
China has fallen into the ranks of low-fertility countries in the world,and the central and local governments have successively introduced family policies to encourage fertility in recent years.However,these policies are not so effective that the fertility rate and willingness to have kids continue to decline.Previous studies seldom analyzed the effect of Chinese family policy.This paper borrows three dimensions of de-familialization,familialization and de-genderization to construct the classification and evaluation framework of family policies.At the same time,from the perspective of mental accounting theory,this paper further constructs the analytical framework of expenditure cost-policy benefit of fertility behavior,and compares the effects of three different family-oriented policies on fertility intention and their mental accounting mechanisms through two survey experiments(N=583+575).The research finds that different family policies have positive impact on fertility intention,and the defamilialization-oriented childcare service policy and the degenderization-oriented extending male paternity leave policy are more effective than the familialization-oriented policy subsidy.In addition to economic costs and other cognitive aspects,fertility decision making is also influenced by subjective sense of acquisition and fairness perception.Childcare service and cash subsidy are effective mainly through increasing working time accounting and economic accounting respectively,while extending male paternity leave mainly through emotional channels to meet the needs for fairness.This study has promoted the empirical research and international comparative study of China's family policy,and provided reference value for improving China's family policy and increasing fertility intention.
作者
张书维
谭小慧
钟晓慧
ZHANG Shu-wei;TAN Xiao-hui;ZHONG Xiao-hui
出处
《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期88-110,166,167,共25页
Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72474237)
2024年度中山大学中央高校基本科研业务费创新人才培育计划项目—青年拔尖科研人才培育项目(24wkqb05)。
