摘要
针对义务教育阶段长期存在的作业负担,日本在不同教育改革时期采取了不同的减负路径。由于“宽松教育”理念被错误地运用于实践,其作业改革的视野也被局限在了对作业的量的减少上,不断削弱着作业的练习属性和家庭属性,反而造成了新的作业负担。在“去宽松化”时期,日本开始重视综合发挥作业的多种功能,采取多种举措,如在总量方面保持减的方向、在类型方面优化探究性内容、在主体方面关注多方平衡等,在减轻作业负担的同时也注重学生扎实学力的获得,在一定程度上跳出了简单减量的陷阱。但是,新一轮作业改革也暴露了缺乏明确的改革目标和具有操作性的方案、探究型作业被滥用并引发了严重的代写现象,以及可能进一步扩大社会对公立教育的质疑等问题。
In response to the long-standing issue of homework burden in compulsory education,Japan has implemented various reduction strategies during different educational reform periods.The concept of"Yutori Education"was misapplied in practice,limiting the scope of homework reform to merely reducing the quantity of homework.This approach weakened the practice-oriented and home-based nature of homework,inadvertently creat⁃ing new forms of homework burden.During the"De-Yutori Education"period,Japan began to emphasize the multifaceted functions of homework.Measures included maintaining a re⁃duction in the total amount of homework,optimizing the types of exploratory content,and fo⁃cusing on a balance of responsibilities among different stakeholders.These efforts aimed to alleviate homework burden while ensuring solid knowledge for students,to some extent avoiding the pitfalls of mere quantitative reduction.However,the new wave of homework re⁃form revealed issues such as a lack of clear reform objectives and actionable plans,the mis⁃use of exploratory homework leading to serious ghostwriting problems,and the potential fur⁃ther erosion of public confidence in the quality of public education.
作者
马健生
王俊欣
MA Jiansheng;WANG Junxin(Institute of International and Comparative Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《外国教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第10期3-17,共15页
Studies in Foreign Education
基金
国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2022年度教育学一般课题“义务教育阶段学生作业政策国际比较研究”(项目编号:BDA220033)。
关键词
日本
宽松教育
去宽松化
义务教育
作业负担
Japan
Yutori education
De-Yutori education
compulsory education
homework burden
