摘要
传统预防主义发展到新预防主义,是刑事法治跟随时代进化的结果。新预防主义并非仅对刑法的局部修改,而是刑法理念、刑事立法与刑事司法自我反思、自我创生的体系性进化。在刑法理念上,积极预防实质是“想象的命题”,其管控社会风险的立论基础与核心功能已被实践证伪,现代预防刑法应当确立消极预防刑法理念,以使刑法从“扩张的处罚”转向“妥当的处罚”。在刑事立法上,以新秩序犯替代危险犯宜作为预防刑法发展的主流方向,通过危险评价的“结果化”以及包容性的秩序框架有效调控现代社会不断衍生的系统性风险。在刑事司法上,预防性犯罪的有效治理不能过度依赖刑法,只有从根源上改变犯罪生成的“社会环境基础”,才能真正实现标本兼治,这尤其需要刑法之外的民法、行政法以及“软法”治理的协力。
The development of traditional preventionism to new preventionism is a natural result of the evolution of criminal rule of law with the times.The new preventionism of criminal law is not a single change in just one aspect of criminal law only,but an all-encompassing evolution of criminal law philosophy,criminal legislation and criminal justice in the process of modernization,which has become a system of its own.In terms of the concept of criminal law,any form of preventivism has an instinctive tendency to expand.So,there should be an opposite clamping force within preventionism,and establish the concept of negative preventive criminal law,so as to make the criminal law shift from“expansive punishment”to“appropriate punishment”.In terms of criminal legislation,the gradual replacement of potential damage crime induced by new types of order crime should become the mainstream direction for the development of preventive criminal law,which effectively regulates the systemic risks constantly arising in modern society through the“consequentialization”of potential damage.In criminal justice,the emergence and spread of new forms of misconduct are essentially the“social cost”of modernization transformation.Therefore,we should truly ensure effective prevention crime by adopting a social governance model that eliminates the“social foundation”generated by crime at the root.The achievement of this goal requires the cooperation of criminal law,civil law,administrative law and“soft law”.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第11期93-106,共14页
Law Science
基金
2024年中国政法大学科研创新年度青年项目“轻罪治理的最大宽容理论构建研究”(项目编号:24KYQN028)的阶段性成果。
关键词
刑法新预防主义
消极预防
危险的“结果化”
新秩序犯
社会治理
new preventionism of criminal law
negative prevention
“consequentialization"of potential damage crime
new types of order crime
social governance
