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甘肃省元帅系苹果不同生长期叶营养诊断研究

Foliar nutrition diagnosis of Delicious apple at different growth stages in Gansu
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摘要 【目的】为明晰元帅系苹果生长周期中对各营养元素的需求,从而制定高产优质的施肥方案。【方法】本研究以甘肃省天水市不同产量元帅系苹果园中树龄为12~15 a的苹果树植株为研究对象,通过测定不同生长时期叶片氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)营养元素含量,运用营养诊断与施肥建议综合法(DRIS)和标准含量适宜偏差百分数法(DOP)分析了生长过程中元帅系苹果叶片营养状况动态特征,并对营养含量丰缺及需肥顺序进行诊断评价。【结果】随着树体生长时期变化,高、低产园叶片各营养元素含量大体呈降低走势,Mg元素于5月份后发生波动变化。叶片部分元素营养含量与果实产量间存在相关性,分别为5、6月份K、Ca与产量表现出极显著正相关(P<0.01),7、8月份N、K、Ca呈显著正相关(P<0.05),9月份则为N、Ca有显著正相关性(P<0.05),而P、Mg含量则与产量无相关性(P>0.05)。经DRIS法判断后,不同生长时期确定的叶片营养诊断参数不同。2种诊断方法因诊断体系的差别使所得结果也具有一定差异,然而Ca、K、N是整个生长时期元帅系苹果叶片较为缺乏的营养元素的结果却是相同,即Ca> K> N元素含量。于不同生长时期,NII和ΣDOP值之间均呈线性关系,但未表现出显著性(P>0.05)。【结论】高、低产区再增产潜力巨大,建议元帅系苹果在整个生长周期内增施含Ca、K元素肥料,其中K元素以中后期为主,中期配合增加含N元素肥料,P、Mg元素肥料则进行适量补充。 【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the demand of Delicious apple for nutrients in the annual growth cycle,formulating a fertilization scheme in order to obtain high yield and good quality.【Method】The experiment employed 12~15-year-old trees in Delicious apple orchard with different yields in Tianshui,Gansu Province.The foliar content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)and calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)were determined in different growth stages.The dynamic characteristics of foliar nutritional status were analyzed by using the comprehensive method of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system(DRIS)for fertilization and deviation from optimum percentage(DOP)during growth,and the deficiency/abundance of nutrient content and the order of fertilizer demand were diagnosed and evaluated.【Result】The results showed that with the change of tree growth period,the contents of nutrient elements in leaves generally decreased in both high-and low-yield gardens,and Mg fluctuated after May.There was a significant positive correlation between the content of some nutrient elements in leaf and fruit yield.In May and June,K and Ca showed a very significant positive correlation with the yield(P<0.01),N,K and Ca showed a significant positive correlation in July and August(P<0.05),and N and Ca had a significant positive correlation in September(P<0.05),while P and Mg had no correlation with the yield(P>0.05).By the diagnosis with DRIS,the diagnostic parameters of foliar nutrition were different in the different growth stages.The results obtained by the two diagnostic methods were also different due to the difference in diagnostic system.However,the leaf of Delicious apple displayed the deficiency of Ca,K and N during the whole growth period,which ranged in the order as follows:Ca>K>N.At different growth stages,there was a linear relationship between NII andΣDOP values,but it was not significant statistically(P>0.05).【Conclusion】There is a great potential to increase the production of Delicious apple in either
作者 任静 刘小勇 谢楷文 贾军平 温有福 谢小强 张喜凤 韩富军 REN Jing;LIU Xiaoyong;XIE Kaiwen;JIA Junping;WEN Youfu;XIE Xiaoqiang;ZHANG Xifeng;HAN Fujun(Institute of Fruit and Floriculture of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Tianshui Fruit Research Institute,Tianshui 741000,China;Jingning County Fruit Industry Service Center,Jingning 743400,China)
出处 《甘肃农业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期163-172,共10页 Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金 甘肃省技术创新引导计划项目(23CXNA0003) 甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2022GAAS03) 静宁县果园营养诊断(土壤、叶片)及施肥试验项目(JNJY2022ZC-068) 静宁县苹果园土壤质量提升技术研究与应用项目(JNJY2023ZC-132)。
关键词 元帅系苹果 生长时期 叶片营养诊断 需肥顺序 Delicious apple periods of growth foliar nutrition diagnosis order of nutrient requirement
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