摘要
细胞自噬是真核生物进化上高度保守的物质降解途径,通过将受损的蛋白或细胞器包裹到双层膜结构的自噬小泡后,进而转运至溶酶体(动物)或液泡(酵母和植物)中进行降解,并完成细胞内容物的循环利用.作为维持和调节细胞内平衡的机制,细胞自噬在细胞的代谢、分化、发育、生物和非生物胁迫等过程中起着重要的作用.随着自噬在动物和酵母中研究的不断深入,人们也越来越多地关注植物自噬.近年来许多研究表明植物细胞自噬在病原体侵染过程中发挥着“双刃剑”的作用,一方面,作为防御病原的自我保护机制,将外源入侵的病原致病因子运输到液泡中降解;另一方面,一些病原体可抑制甚至劫持自噬,进而逃逸宿主对病原的免疫应答并促进病原侵染.本文综述了近年来细胞自噬在植物响应生物胁迫中的研究进展,包括自噬在植物病毒、细菌、真菌侵染以及在植物病毒和昆虫介体互作中的作用及作用机制.
Autophagy is an essential and evolutionarily conserved cellular process for the degradation or recycling of damaged or unwanted intracellular materials under stress conditions or during specific developmental processes.Cytoplasmic components,including mis-formed,unwanted,dysfunctional intracellular components and organelles,are engulfed into a double-membraned vesicle called autophagosome,and transported to lysosomes(animals)or vacuoles(yeast and plants)for degradation through autophagy,and completed the recycling of intracellular contents.There are three major types of autophagy in eukaryotic cells:macroautophagy(hereafter referred to as autophagy,which is mediated by autophagosome),microautophagy,and chaperone-mediated autophagy(CMA).Genes involved in autophagy processes are termed autophagy-related(ATG)genes.Among these,the essential genes for autophagosome formation are referred to as the core machinery genes.One can distinguish the following key steps in the life cycle of an autophagosome:initiation,elongation,cargo uptake,closure/maturation,and fusion with vesicles(including the lysosomes or vacuoles)followed by destruction of the cargos.As a mechanism for maintaining intracellular homeostasis,autophagy plays critical roles in various cellular processes such as cell metabolism,differentiation,development,and adaptive and innate immunity against various pathogens.In metazoans,autophagy is highly engaged during the immune responses through interfacing either directly with intracellular pathogens or indirectly with immune signaling molecules.Plants evolved several layers of defense mechanisms to combat various pathogens,including pathogen-triggered immunity,effector-triggered immunity,RNA silencing,and ubiquitination.Autophagy may link plant immunity in different ways,with autophagy playing a role in degrading pathogen effectors or defense-related plant proteins,or pathogen effectors interfering with autophagy.During incompatible plant-pathogen interactions,autophagy prevents cells from death beyond pathogen i
作者
阿斯古丽·伊斯马伊力
张建航
吐逊艾力·艾孜提力
刘玉乐
Asigul Ismayil;Jianhang Zhang;Tuxunaili Aizitili;Yule Liu(College of Life Sciences,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;School of Life Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第30期4500-4510,共11页
Chinese Science Bulletin
关键词
细胞自噬
植物病原体
防御机制
抗病毒
autophagy
plant-pathogens
defense mechanism
antiviral defense
