摘要
目的掌握中国老年人群疾病流行情况以及社区独立生活能力的主要影响因素,以便开展社区老年综合评估筛查,实现健康老龄化。方法通过伤残调整生命年等指标量化疾病对中国老年人群健康的影响,从而评估疾病负担变化趋势。结果慢性病和伤害的疾病负担逐年增加,成为老年人群主要的疾病负担。心血管疾病和肿瘤伤残调整生命年常年占比居于前列。骨骼肌肉疾病、交通伤害、意外伤害伤残调整生命年上升显著。老年人跌倒和道路伤害的发生率逐年升高,口腔疾病的患病率一直居于高位且其导致的伤残调整生命年呈逐年上升趋势。同时老年人群在患病率和伤残调整寿命年上存在性别差异。结论应在社区广泛开展老年综合评估并及时干预,从而能够早期发现老年人潜在的问题和功能缺陷,减少跌倒、失能、认知障碍、抑郁等问题,同时关注老年人的口腔健康,提高老年人口腔保健知识,宣传普及正确口腔保健习惯。积极推进老年医学教育工作,鼓励全社会共同参与、最大化维持老年人的功能状态和生活质量。
Objective To understand the prevalence of diseases among the elderly in China and the main influencing factors on their ability to live independently in the community,so as to carry out comprehensive assessment and screening of the elderly in the community and achieve healthy aging.Methods The impact of diseases on the health of the elderly in China was quantified through indicators such as disability-adjusted life years,thereby assessing the changing trend of disease burden.Results The disease burden of chronic diseases and injuries is increasing year by year and has become the main disease burden for the elderly.Cardiovascular disease and cancer have the highest proportion of disability-adjusted life years year-round.Disability-adjusted life years for musculoskeletal diseases,traffic injuries,and accidental injuries increased significantly.The incidence of falls and road injuries in the elderly is increasing year by year.The prevalence of oral diseases has always been high and the disability-adjusted life years caused by them have been increasing year by year.At the same time,there are gender differences in prevalence rates and disability-adjusted life years among the elderly.Conclusion Comprehensive assessment of the elderly and timely intervention should be carried out extensively in the community,so as to detect potential problems and functional defects of the elderly early,reduce falls,disability,cognitive impairment,depression and other problems,and at the same time pay attention to the oral health of the elderly and improve their health.People′s oral health care knowledge,publicize and popularize correct oral health care habits.Actively promote geriatric medicine education and encourage the whole society to participate in maximizing the maintenance of the functional status and quality of life of the elderly.
作者
王耀国
韩婷
唐诗诗
王一帆
周毅
WANG Yaoguo;HAN Ting;TANG Shishi;WANG Yifan;ZHOU Yi(School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830017,China;People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830001,China;Zhongshan School of Medicine,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830046,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2024年第6期1-5,共5页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划“智慧医养康服务一体化技术与应用研究”(2022YFC3601600)
广东省广州市科技计划项目“癫痫共病精神障碍的早期诊断和精准诊疗研究”(202206010028)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“基于老年综合评估枃建慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康复护理评估模型的研究”(2021D01C144)。
关键词
中国老年人群
疾病负担趋势
公共卫生
老年慢病
China′s elderly population
Disease burden trends
Public health
Chronic diseases of the elderly
