摘要
本文以外卖平台入驻作为外生冲击模拟准自然实验,从“就业激活”视角分析了低保受助群体规模缩减的原因。借助省级面板数据,本文通过构建多期双重差分模型估计了外卖平台入驻带来的低保受助群体规模缩减效应。分析发现,各省的低保受助人数在外卖平台入驻后显著下降,且该效应持续约5年。该结论不受低保标准波动、地方政府困难群体转移支付强度、社会保险项目承接等因素的影响,但估计效应会因新增登记失业人数增加、城市人口聚集和劳动年龄人口占比提升而增强。机制分析结果显示,外卖平台入驻通过调节就业环境和提升劳动收入,提高了低保受助者的劳动参与率和经济状况。低保受助者能够通过赚取劳动收入重建生计模式,逐步摆脱对最低生活保障金的依赖,最终退出低保制度。
This article uses the entry of food delivery platforms as an exogenous shock to simulate a quasi-natural experiment,explaining why the Dibao caseloads have shrunk from the perspective of employment activation.This paper uses provincial panel data to estimate the effect of the entry of food delivery platforms on reducing the Dibao caseloads by constructing a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)model.The analysis finds that the number of Dibao caseloads in each province significantly decreased following the entry of food delivery platforms,and this effect persisted for approximately five years.This conclusion is robust to fluctuations in the Dibao standard,the intensity of local government transfer payments to disadvantaged groups,and the implementation of social insurance projects.The estimated effect is amplified by increases in newly registered unemployed persons,urban population concentration,and the proportion of the working-age population.Mechanism analysis shows that the entry of food delivery platforms improves the employment environment and increases labor income,thereby boosting the labor participation rate and economic status of Dibao recipients.Dibao recipients can rebuild their livelihoods by earning labor income,gradually reducing their dependence on minimum living security funds,and eventually exiting the low-income assistance system.
作者
刘璐婵
Liu Luchan(School of Sociology and Population Studies,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications)
出处
《劳动经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期88-112,共25页
Studies in Labor Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(批准号:23BGL242)的资助。
关键词
低保
平台就业
福利退出
就业激活
Dibao
platform employment
welfare exit
employment activation
