摘要
矿业活动及切坡修路导致地形地貌景观破坏,造成土壤植被资源损毁,边坡基岩裸露,水土流失严重。本文根据岩质边坡破坏类型,将其分为梯级台阶型边坡、≤25°缓坡、>25°高陡边坡。梯级台阶型边坡在台阶边缘修建30~60 cm浆砌挡土坎,覆土30~60 cm,在台阶边缘和内侧栽植藤蔓植物,平台栽植灌木,藤蔓植物上爬下垂对岩质边坡进行复绿;≤25°缓坡根据坡比及相似三角形原理布设挡土措施,挡土坎砌筑过程对基础进行开挖,确保基础平稳牢固,分隔覆土固土,栽植乡土植物进行植被重塑;>25°高陡边坡钻孔栽植灌木和藤蔓,同时在钻孔下端设置透气导水孔(物质交换通道),透气导水孔不仅可以将孔内多余的水排出孔外,防治植被根系因长期浸泡缺氧而腐烂坏死,还可以为植被根部输送氧气,促进根部营养物质吸收,提高土壤孔隙度,起到涵养水源的作用。以上三种岩质边坡植被重建方法具有工艺简单、施工便捷、工程投资少、成效维持时间长等优点。可在黔北武陵山地区,甚至西南岩溶区广泛推广应用。
Mining activities and slope cutting and road building lead to the destruction of landform landscape,the destruction of soil vegetation resources,the exposure of slope bedrock,and serious soil and water loss.According to the failure type of rock slope,it can be divided into step slope,gentle slope≤25°and high steep slope>25°.On the step slope,30-60 cm slurry retaining wall is built on the edge of the step,and 30-60 cm soil is covered.Vines are planted on the edge and inside of the step,and shrubs are planted on the platform.Gentle slope≤25°soil retaining measures are laid according to the slope ratio and similar triangle principle.The foundation is excavated during the masonry process of retaining sill to ensure that the foundation is stable and firm.The soil is separated and covered,and the native plants are planted for vegetation remodeling.High steep slope>25°drilling to plant shrubs and vines,and at the same time,set a breathable water guide hole(material exchange channel)at the lower end of the drilling hole.The breathable water guide hole can not only drain the excess water inside the hole out of the hole,prevent the rot and necrosis of vegetation roots due to long-term immersion of hypoxia,but also transport oxygen for vegetation roots,promote the absorption of nutrients in the roots,and improve soil porosity.It plays the role of conserving water.The above three methods of vegetation reconstruction of rock slope have the advantages of simple process,convenient construction,less project investment and long maintenance time.It can be widely applied in Wuling Mountain Area in northern Guizhou and even karst area in southwest China.
作者
陈鸿申
孙元烽
冯地宽
CHEN Hongshen;SUN Yuanfeng;FENG Dikuan(106 Geological Party,Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Zunyi 563000,China;Zunyi Forestry Bureau,Zunyi 563000,China)
出处
《中国矿业》
北大核心
2024年第S02期117-121,共5页
China Mining Magazine
基金
贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局科研项目资助(编号:黔地矿106科合[2021]4号)。
关键词
岩质边坡
植被重建
岩溶山区
钻孔植木
rock slope
vegetation reconstruction
karst mountain area
borehole planting
