摘要
向网络平台调取数据是公安司法机关面对犯罪结构和案件特征变化的因应之举。数据调取的制度依据以概括授权的面貌散落在刑事诉讼规范体系和数字监管专门立法中,大型网络平台发布的具有指引属性的行业规范增强了数据调取的操作性,并在实践中形成了“基于公私合作的直接调取”与“面向数据共享的间接调取”两种模式。从国家与网络平台的关系格局来看,为网络平台设置强制性的数据调取配合义务是公安司法机关顺应形势的理性选择。这一过程使侦查权力在技术的赋能下迅速扩张,并使数据调取背后的公民信息权利隐忧逐渐浮现。在《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改之际,为对调取措施予以有效控制,应当增设调取为一项独立的侦查措施,以信息数据的敏感程度层级化地设置启动审批权限,从调取人员数量、调取的目的性限制,以及调取的告知义务三个方面完善数据调取的执行程序,并适时引入检察机关作为调取的外部监督主体,为数据安全提供有效的司法助力。
Accessing data from online platforms is a response by public security and judicial authorities to changes in the structure of crime and the characteristics of cases.The institutional basis for data access is scattered in the criminal procedure normative system and digital regulatory legislation in the form of general authorization,and the industry norms issued by large network platforms with the attribute of guidance have enhanced the operability of data access,and formed two modes of direct access based on public-private cooperation and indirect access for data sharing in practice.In practice,two modes of“direct access based on public-private cooperation”and“indirect access oriented to data sharing”have been formed.From the perspective of the relationship between the state and online platforms,it is a rational choice for the public security and judicial authorities to comply with the situation by setting up mandatory data retrieval cooperation obligations for online platforms.This process has led to the rapid expansion of investigative power empowered by technology,and has gradually brought to light the hidden concerns of citizens'information rights behind data access.At the time of the fourth revision of the Criminal Procedure Law,in order to effectively control access measures,access should be added as an independent investigative measure,the sensitivity of information and data should be cascaded to set up start-up approval authority,and the implementation procedures of data access should be improved from the number of access personnel,purposeful restriction of access,and notification obligation of access,and procuratorate should be introduced in due course to act as an external supervisory subject of access to provide effective judicial assistance for data security.Provide effective judicial assistance for data security.
作者
吴子越
WU Ziyue(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《西南政法大学学报》
2024年第5期67-82,共16页
Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law
基金
中国政法大学博士创新实践项目“抽样证据的可靠性审查”(Z2023BSCX39)。
关键词
网络平台
证据调取
刑事诉讼法修改
数字侦查
online platforms
access to evidence
criminal procedure law amendment
digital investigations
