摘要
《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第四次修改在即,如何优化刑事再审的启动路径学界未有定论。结合官方统计数据和1818份再审裁判文书的实证考察可知,再审启动路径在实践中呈现出三重特征,依职权开启再审远甚于依申请开启、原审人民法院启动多于上级人民法院启动、检察机关抗诉趋于主流。对这一现状可从以下三个维度加以检视:从刑事既判力理论出发,再审启动应保持克制、审慎,依职权启动再审并不合于这一要求;从主体中立性角度切入,再审审查主体难以规避利益勾连、祛除主观预断,致使申诉驳回率较高;从职能复合性视角观之,再审抗诉兼具诉讼职能和监督职能,能否直接启动再审有待考量。有鉴于此,应当剥离人民法院依职权启动再审之权力,重新配置“二元化”申诉审查主体,并依据抗诉事由区分再审抗诉效力。通过以上完善路径,可以构建再审与非常上诉并行的非常救济程序。
The fourth revision of The Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China is imminent,while the academic community has not yet reached a consensus on how to optimize the path for initiating criminal retrials.Combining official statistical data with an empirical investigation of 1818 retrial judgment documents,it can be seen that the path for initiating retrials presents a three-fold entanglement in practice.Firstly,retrials are initiated ex officio more frequently than upon application.Secondly,more cases are initiated by the original trial courts rather than by superior courts.Thirdly,the procuratorate initiates more retrials through appeals which is becoming mainstream.This current situation can be examined from the following three dimensions.According to the theory of criminal res judicata,the initiation of retrial should be restrained and prudent,which is not in line with initiating ex officio.From the perspective of subject neutrality,it is difficult for the subject of review to avoid the collusion of interests and eliminate subjective prejudgments which have resulted in a high rejection rate of petitions.From the perspective of functional complexity,appeals for retrials have both litigation and supervision functions,and whether they can directly initiate retrials remains to be considered.In view of this,the court’s power to initiate retrials ex officio should be stripped away and the dualized petition review subjects should be reconfigured.Moreover,the effectiveness of appeals for retrials should be distinguished based on the causes.Through the above improvement,an extraordinary relief procedure can be constructed in which retrial and extraordinary appeal are carried out in parallel.
作者
郭烁
GUO Shuo(Procedural Law Research Institute,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《西南政法大学学报》
2024年第5期41-56,共16页
Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law
关键词
刑事再审启动
再审申诉
刑事既判力
再审抗诉
initiation of criminal retrial
petition for retrial
criminal res judicata
appeal for retrial
