摘要
在莫里斯的《乌有乡消息》中,故事发生的场景看似是无处可寻的乌托邦,但实际却是伪装后的英国伦敦,小说中的乌托邦就是作者理想中的英国,其中的自然景观和社会形态就是他对英国性的理解和界定。莫里斯小说中体现的英国性继承了19世纪的传统,具有浓重的田园主义色彩。小说中的田园化风格和乡村化进程是乌有乡社会的重要特征,故事中曾经的工业化景观都转变为风光宜人的花园,构建出“花园城市”的意象。其英国性以联谊思想为基础,表达出莫里斯的政治理想和主张。莫里斯的联谊思想所引申出的对现金联结和劳动异化的控诉,对自由、平等和友爱的追求以及对两性平等的畅想都清晰地呈现在小说中。作为英国19世纪的一位具有浪漫主义情怀和社会主义立场的作家,莫里斯将英国的乡村景观和联谊思想作为他理想的英国性的构成部分。
Britishness as the national identity of Britain has been a much-discussed topic in the literary world,and 19th-century British writers are particularly enthusiastic about this topic.The study of Britishness from a literary perspective can naturally be traced back to the romantic poetry and the realistic novels of the 19th century.The starting point for the construction of the British national identity is believed to be the poetry of William Wordsworth and the countryside depicted in the poems also becomes a symbol of Britishness.As a representative figure in the third stage of British Romanticism,Morris naturally inherits his understanding of Britishness from Wordsworth.The reason why the core of Morris’s Britishness is pastoralism rather than romanticism is that the former concerns human existence and behavior,meaning that natural landscapes become complete and unique due to human participations.Morris’s lifelong wish is to build a perfect home for human beings,and thus his vision for an ideal society and the essence of his Britishness must be pastoral.First of all,Morris’s profound attachment to the countryside of England is clearly reflected in his vivid description of his journey along the Thames River in the novel.His love for Thames Valley is evident,and he also tries his best to save the river from industrial pollution.The process of ruralization and the ensuing pastoral style are common characteristics of all the communities in the world of Nowhere.As a result,the once industrialized landscapes in the story have been transformed into beautiful gardens,hence constructing the image of a garden city.Secondly,the pastoral idea in Nowhere is historical instead of modern,which can be reflected in the medieval elements in the novel.Thirdly,along with the ruralization and decentralization of the urban space in the novel,the characters also choose to escape the hustle and bustle of the city and return to the peace and tranquility of the countryside.However,it deserves mention that although Morris has repeate
作者
王卉
杨金才
Wang Hui;Yang Jincai(School of Foreign Languages,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China;School of Foreign Languages,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第9期136-149,共14页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA289)。
