摘要
【目的】明确宁夏南部山区芹菜栽培生产的钾肥用量效应,为克服钾肥用量及其带来的环境污染、芹菜病害频发、农户经济收益不高等问题的解决提供技术支撑。【方法】以“皇后”品种芹菜为供试作物,用单因素多水平随机区组试验设计进行田间小区试验,设置0、225、450、675和900 kg hm^(−2)5个施肥水平(分别记为K0、K225、K450、K675和K900处理),测定土壤养分含量和芹菜产量、养分吸收数量与根茎叶分配及钾肥利用率等指标,分析钾肥用量与上述测定指标关系,探究宁南山区芹菜栽培适宜施肥量。【结果】结果表明,施用钾肥后土壤全钾含量随钾肥用量增加而增加,以K900处理为最大、达21.78 g kg^(−1)。单位面积和单株芹菜钾素吸收量以K675处理最大、分别为344.68 kg hm^(−2)和1.57 g株^(−1)。芹菜干物质积累量随钾肥用量增加而显著变化,但以K450处理最高,为64.17 g株^(−1)。钾肥利用率在12.68%~34.43%之间,以K225处理为最高、达34.43%。芹菜钾素偏生产力和钾肥农学效率也以K225处理为最高,分别为1006.43 kg kg^(−1)和128.95 kg kg^(−1)。当钾肥用量超过450 kg hm^(−2)时,土壤钾素表观平衡为盈余。5个处理的芹菜产量依次分别为201.33 t hm^(−2)、223.00 t hm^(−2)、233.33 t hm^(−2)、228.33 t hm^(−2)、217.67 t hm^(−2),即各施钾肥处理比对照(K0)增产8.15%~15.90%,且以K450处理最高。用拟合钾肥用量与芹菜产量的关系曲线的方法,求得钾肥施用量为524.59 kg hm^(−2)时芹菜产量最高、为478.11 kg hm^(−2)时施钾肥经济效益最佳。芹菜的Vc含量、可溶性固形物、粗纤维及硝酸盐含量都以K900处理为最高。使用隶属函数法进行综合质量评价,结果表明K450处理钾肥施用效果最优。【结论】为提高宁南山区农户经济收入,降低过量施用钾肥造成的不利影响,推荐种植芹菜的钾肥施用量为455.12~592.50 kg hm^(−2)。
[Objective]The aim was to clarify the effect of potassium(K)fertilizer application rate on celery cultivation and production in the southern mountainous areas of Ningxia,and to provide technical support for overcoming the problems of K fertilizer application rate and its environmental pollution,frequent celery diseases,and low economic benefits of farmers.[Method]Taking‘Queen’celery as the test material,a field plot experiment was carried out with a single factor multi-level randomized block design.Five K fertilization levels of 0 kg hm^(−2),225 kg hm^(−2),450 kg hm^(−2),675 kg hm^(−2)and 900 kg hm^(−2)were set up(recorded as K0,K225,K450,K675 and K900 treatments,respectively).The soil nutrient content,celery yield,nutrient absorption quantity,root,stem and leaf distribution and K fertilizer utilization rate were measured,and the relationship between K fertilizer dosage and the above measurement indices was analyzed.[Result]The results showed that the total K content in soil increased with the increase of P application rate,and the maximum was 21.78 g kg−1 in K900 treatment.The highest K uptake per unit area and per plant of celery was 344.68 kg hm^(−2)and 1.57 g plant^(−1)in K675 treatment.The dry matter accumulation of celery changed significantly with the increase of K fertilizer application rate,but the K450 treatment was the highest,which was 64.17 g plant^(−1).The utilization efficiency of K fertilizer was between 12.68%and 34.43%,with K225 treatment as the highest,reaching 34.43%.The K partial factor productivity and K agronomic efficiency of celery were also the highest in K225 treatment,which were 1006.43 kg kg^(−1) and 128.95 kg kg^(−1).When the amount of K fertilizer was more than 450 kg hm^(−2),the apparent balance of soil K was surplus.The yields of celery in the five treatments were 201.33 t hm^(−2),223.00 t hm^(−2),233.33 t hm^(−2),228.33 t hm^(−2)and 217.67 t hm^(−2),respectively.The yield of each K fertilizer treatment was 8.15%-15.90%higher than that of the
作者
田伟
冯海萍
TIAN Wei;FENG Hai-ping(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Yinchuan 750000,China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1395-1404,共10页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-8-06)
国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-G24)
宁夏青年拔尖人才项目。
关键词
芹菜
钾肥用量
产量
钾素积累
钾肥利用率
Celery
Potassium application rate
Yield
Potassium accumulation
Potassium fertilizer utilization rate
