摘要
排污权交易作为市场化资源配置手段,可实现以较低成本达成污染物总量控制的目标。目前,中国重金属污染物排污权交易工作尚处于探索阶段。在中国部分地区开展重金属污染物排污权交易工作的基础上,按照五要素(排污权确权、交易价格、交易规则、交易监管和交易效能)识别分析了排污权交易与现行环境管理政策制度的衔接。结果表明,重金属排污权交易与污染防治政策、环境影响评价和排污许可等16项政策制度存在衔接,其中总量控制、排污许可和行政处罚衔接范围最广;按衔接的政策制度数量,五要素的排序为交易规则>排污权确权=交易效能>交易价格=交易监管。具体来看,排污权确权通过与污染防治政策、环境影响评价等衔接来确定确权范围和确权依据;交易价格通过价格激励机制促进企业主动守法,但目前与相关环境管理政策制度的衔接较少,仅在部分地区与工业企业绩效评价、环境功能区划、“三线一单”管控等存在衔接;交易规则通过与污染防治政策、环境影响评价、排污许可等衔接,在区域范围、行业范围、指标来源范围、指标受让范围和交易流程方面促进区域、行业等政策制度的落实;交易监管通过与排污许可、总量控制等衔接推动排污权合法实施;交易效能通过与总量控制、绿色金融等衔接激发排污权交易制度的活力。
Emission trading,as a market-oriented resource allocation method,can achieve the goal of controlling the total pollutants emissions at a lower cost.At present,emission trading for heavy metal pollutant in China is still exploring.On the basis of work carried out by regions on heavy metal pollutant emission trading in China,the connection between emission trading and current environmental management policies®ulations was identified and analyzed according to five elements(emission property confirmation,trading price,trading rules,trading supervision,and trading efficiency).The results showed that connections between the heavy metal emission trading and 16 environmental management policies®ulations were recognized,including pollution prevention and control policies,environmental impact assessment,and pollutant discharge permit.Among them,the widest scope of connection were found as total emission control,pollutant discharge permit,and administrative penalty.According to the number of connected policies®ulations,the order of the five elements were found as following:trading rules>pollution property confirmation=trading efficiency>trading price=trading supervision.Specifically,for property confirmation,pollution prevention and control policies,environmental impact assessment,and so on were connected with scope and basis of property confirmation.Enterprises could be promoted to comply with the law actively through the price incentive mechanism,but little connection between trading price and currnt environmental policies and regulations was found.Only in some regions were connection found in the performance evaluation of industrial enterprises,environmental functional zoning,and“three lines and one list”.For trading rules,connection were found in pollution prevention and control policies,environmental impact assessment,and pollutant discharge permits,which could help the implementation of regional,industrial,and other policies®ulation,from the regional scope,industrial scope,pollutant source scope and tr
作者
陈凤先
王琪
陈刚
任玥
CHEN Fengxian;WANG Qi;CHEN Gang;REN Yue(Emission Trading Center,Environmental Development Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029)
出处
《环境污染与防治》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期1408-1413,共6页
Environmental Pollution & Control
关键词
重金属
排污权交易
政策制度衔接
环境管理
heavy metals
pollutant emission trading
connection with policies®ulations
environmental management
