摘要
敦煌出土西晋至十六国时期的镇墓文多可改进释读,例如对照“铜”字的讹体可将万安镇墓文原释“钥人”改为“铜人”。张雪光镇墓文原释“软议”的“软(軟)”字应改释为“陈”字的异体“軙”字,“软议”改释为“陈议”意为“陈述谋议”。镇墓文为阻止死者作祟,常会采用人偶替代生人承受灾殃。张雪光镇墓文木制“桐人”和金属制“铅人”分别对应生人和死者,原释“生者软议负担,仅以桐人、铅人,广肩大背,可以自代”应改为“生者軙(陈)议负担,仅以桐人;铅人广肩大背,可以自代”。另外,敦煌镇墓文可互换的“荔子”和“离子”,应释为与“黄远”同属百合目鸢尾科的药材“马蔺子”,而非“荔枝”“梨子”“藜子”“栗子”或“鸡子”。
Many tomb inscriptions from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Sixteen Kingdorns period have been excavated in Dunhuang archacology,which are important materials ol carly Taoist burial documents.The interpretation can be improved hy combiring unearthed docurments and antiquarian documents.Take for example,by comparing the variant words of"铜"in the inscriptions at that time,the interpretation of"钥人"in the tomb inscriptions of wan'an can be changed into"铜人".In order to prevent the dead from causing trouble,Taoist burial documents used dolls to replace the strangers to bear the burden,Combined with relevant folk literature,it can be inferred that theоrganic"Paulownia wood doll"and inorganic"lead doll"coгrespond t0 the strangers and the dead respoctively.The interpretation of"软议"in the tomb lext of Zhang Xueguang is illogical.The word"软([車欠])"can be changed into the variant word"軙(陈)".and the word"软议"can be changed into"陈议".which means"discussion".In addition.the"荔子"and"离子"in the Dunhuang Taoist burial documents should be interpreted as"iris seed",which belongs 1o the sane lily fanily as"Pardanthus",rather than"Litchi","реаr","Cheropodium","Chestnut"оr"egg".
作者
朱学斌
Zhu Xuebin(Department of Chinese langunge and literature,East China Nornal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《中国文字研究》
2024年第1期98-104,共7页
The Study of Chinese Characters
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题青年项目(项目编号:2023EYY001)
国家博士后第73批面上资助项目(项目编号:2023M731118)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(项目编号:2022ECNU YYJ051)的阶段性研究成果之一。
关键词
敦煌文献
镇墓文
道教考古
早期道教
中国早期信仰
Dunhuang Documents
Burial instruments
Taoist Archacology
Early Taoisn
Early Folk beliel
