摘要
Metal mineral resources play an indispensable role in the development of the national economy.Dynamic disasters in underground metal mines seriously threaten mining safety,which are major scientific and technological problems to be solved urgently.In this article,the occurrence status and grand challenges of some typical dynamic disasters involving roof falling,spalling,collapse,large deformation,rockburst,surface subsidence,and water inrush in metal mines in China are systematically presented,the characteristics of mining-induced dynamic disasters are analyzed,the examples of dynamic disasters occurring in some metal mines in China are summarized,the occurrence mechanism,monitoring and early warning methods,and prevention and control techniques of these disasters are highlighted,and some new opinions,suggestions,and solutions are proposed simultaneously.Moreover,some shortcomings in current disaster research are pointed out,and the direction of efforts to improve the prevention and control level of dynamic disasters in China’s metal mines in the future is prospected.The integration of forward-looking key innovative theories and technologies in the abovementioned aspects will greatly enhance the cognitive level of disaster prevention and mitigation in China’s metal mining industry and achieve a significant shift from passive disaster relief to active disaster prevention.
金属矿产资源在国民经济发展中发挥着不可或缺的作用。地下金属矿山采动灾害严重威胁采矿安全,是亟待解决的重大科技问题。本文系统介绍了中国金属矿山冒顶、片帮、坍塌、大变形、岩爆、地面沉陷、突水等典型动力灾害的发生现状,分析了这些采动灾害的特点,总结了中国一些金属矿山发生的动力灾害实例,重点探讨了这些灾害的发生机理、监测预警方法和防控技术,同时提出了一些新的观点、建议和解决方案。此外,指出了当前灾害研究中存在的一些不足,并展望了今后提高中国金属矿山动力灾害防控水平的努力方向。上述方面前瞻性的关键创新理论和技术的集成,将大大提升中国金属矿山行业防灾减灾的认知水平,实现从被动救灾向主动防灾的重大转变。
作者
LI Peng
CAI Mei-feng
MIAO Sheng-jun
REN Fen-hua
GORJIAN Mostafa
PENG Chao
李鹏;蔡美峰;苗胜军;任奋华;GORJIAN Mostafa;彭超(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Department of Earth,Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,BC,Canada;Deep Mining Laboratory of Shandong Gold Group Co.,Ltd.,Laizhou 261442,China)
基金
Project(52204084)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Project(FRF-IDRY-GD22-002)supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities),China
Project(QNXM20220009)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Youth Teacher International Exchange and Growth Program,China
Projects(2022YFC2905600,2022YFC3004601)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
Project(2023XAGG0061)supported by the Science,Technology&Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area,China。
