摘要
[目的]系统研究不同程度间歇性干旱对春小麦生长生理及产量的影响。[方法]通过位于甘肃武威的大田试验,以春小麦“陇春41号”和“永良4号”为研究对象,系统研究拔节期和灌浆期不同程度间歇性干旱对春小麦生长生理及产量的影响。在春小麦拔节期、灌浆期分别设置灌水量为充分灌溉对照组的65%、80%的亏水处理,即:W1(拔节期65%/灌浆期65%)、W2(拔节期80%/灌浆期65%)、W3(拔节期65%/灌浆期80%)、W4(拔节期80%/灌浆期80%)、W5(充分灌溉对照组)。分析不同处理下春小麦生长指标、产量、叶片光合参数及叶绿素荧光动力学参数对水分的响应规律。[结果]拔节期和灌浆期水分亏缺会对春小麦株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率及光合电子传递速率产生显著负面影响,指标随灌水量减少而降低;抽穗期复水(恢复充分灌溉)后,“陇春41号”LAI得到了明显恢复,复水对春小麦叶绿素量、光合电子传递速率以及蒸腾速率的恢复有显著积极作用;产量随水分亏缺程度的加剧而减小,“陇春41号”整体产量高于“永良4号”,“陇春41号”W4处理下产量与W5处理无显著差异。[结论]考虑节水高产,本文推荐最优灌溉制度为W4处理(拔节期80%/灌浆期80%),推荐种植品种为“陇春41号”。
【Background】Wheat is the second largest cereal crop after rice in China and is largely grown in arid and semiarid regions in the North.Understanding the impact of water stress on its growth and final yield is important to improve its water use efficiency and safeguard wheat production.We studied this in a field experiment.【Method】The experiment was conducted at Wuwei of Gansu province,using the varieties Longchun 41 and Yongliang No.4 as the model plants.This paper aimed to elucidate how water stress imposed in the jointing and grain filling stages influence growth,physiology and yields of the crops.The control was sufficient irrigation(CK).There were four deficit irrigation treatments:irrigating 65%of water in the CK during both jointing and grain filling stages(W1),80%during the joint stage and 65%during the grouting stage(W2),65%during the jointing stage and 80%during the grain filling stage(W3),80%during both jointing and grain filling stages(W4).In each treatment,we measured growth indexes,grain yield,leaf photosynthetic traits and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic traits.【Result】Water stress during the jointing and grain filling stages significantly reduc ed plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and photosynthetic electron transport rate.Sufficient irrigation during the tasseling stage can restore the leaf area index(LAI)of the Longchun 41 va riety,positively influencing SPAD values,photosynthetic electron transfer,and transpiration.Increasing water deficit led to a reduction in grain yield.On average,the yield of Longchun No.41 was higher than that of Yongliang No.4.The yield of Longchu n No.41 in W4 was not significantly different from that in CK.【Conclusion】Considering water saving and grain yield,the optimal irrigation and cultivation for spring wheat in the studied region is to grow the Longchun No.41 variety and irrigate 80%of wate r used in sufficient irrigation during both the jointing and grain filling stages.
作者
王浩莎
曹润宁
黄兴法
WANG Haosha;CAO Running;HUANG Xingfa(Gansu Wuwei National Field Scientific Observatory for Efficient Water Use in Oasis Agriculture,Wuwei 733000,China;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
2024年第10期1-10,54,共11页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
财政部和农业农村部—国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-03-43)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900401)。
关键词
春小麦
水分亏缺
生长指标
光合特性
光合电子传递速率
叶水势
spring wheat water deficit growth index
photosynthetic characteristics photosynthetic
electron transfer rate
leaf water potential
