摘要
秸秆还田在提高水稻产量和土壤肥力方面具有巨大潜力。然而,在水稻生长初期,秸秆的掺入可能会导致微生物的氮固定,从而抑制水稻的生长和对氮素的吸收。具有高效固氮能力的红萍可以作为优质绿肥放养于稻田,能提供氮素来满足水稻生长的需要,可以缓解秸秆还田造成的氮缺乏。为明确秸秆还田联合稻田养萍对水稻谷物产量、氮肥利用效率和谷物品质的影响,田间试验设置了5个处理[不施肥(CK)、常规施用化肥(F)、常规施用化肥+秸秆还田(FS)、常规施用化肥+稻田养萍(FA)、常规施用化肥+秸秆还田+稻田养萍(FSA)]。结果表明:FS处理水稻产量、氮素吸收量、氮肥利用率、糙米率、精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量及镁、铁和锌含量均与F处理差异不显著,钙含量显著低于F处理(P<0.05);FA处理糙米率、精米率、蛋白质含量、镁和铁含量与F处理差异不显著,水稻产量、氮素吸收量、氮肥表观利用率、垩白粒率、垩白度显著高于F处理(P<0.05),直链淀粉含量、钙含量和锌含量显著低于F处理(P<0.05);FSA处理蛋白质、钙、镁、铁和锌含量与F处理差异不显著,水稻产量、氮素吸收量、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥表观利用率、垩白粒率、垩白度显著高于F处理(P<0.05),直链淀粉含量、糙米率和精米率显著低于F处理(P<0.05)。综上所述,秸秆还田联合套养红萍共作能显著提高水稻产量和氮肥利用效率,且未降低稻米的营养品质,是一项有潜力的南方稻田耕作措施。
Straw incorporation has demonstrated great potential in improving rice yield and soil fertility.However,straw incorporation may lead to microbial-mediated nitrogen immobilization and inhibit the growth and nitrogen uptake of rice in early stage of rice growth.Nitrogen-fixing Azolla can be used as high-quality green manure in the rice field,which can provide nitrogen to meet the requirement of rice's growth and alleviate the nitrogen deficiency caused by straw incorporation.Field experiment was conducted to study the combined effects of straw incorporation and Azolla on grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality of rice.There were five treatments,namely no fertilization application(CK),conventional chemical fertilization application(F),conventional chemical fertilization application+straw incorporation(FS),conventional chemical fertilization application+Azolla(FA),conventional chemical fertilization application+straw incorporation+Azolla(FSA).There was no significant difference in the rice yield,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency,brown rice rate,milled rice rate,chalky grain rate,chalkiness,amylose content,protein content,and magnesium,zinc and iron contents between FS and F treatment.Calcium content of FS treatment was significant lower than that of F treatment(P<0.05).There were no remarkable differences in brown rice rate,milled rice rate,protein content,magnesium and iron contents between FA and F treatment.The rice yield,nitrogen accumulation,apparent nitrogen recovery,chalky grain rate and chalkiness of FA treatment were remarkable higher than that of F treatment(P<0.05),and amylose content,calcium and zinc contents were significantly lower than that of F treatment(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in protein content,calcium,magnesium,zinc and iron contents between FSA and F treatment.The rice yield,nitrogen accumulation,agronomic nitrogen efficiency,apparent nitrogen recovery,chalky grain rate and chalkiness of FSA treatment were significantly higher than that of F treatmen
作者
郑慧芬
吴红慧
李振武
邓素芳
应朝阳
ZHENG Hui-fen;WU Hong-hui;LI Zhen-wu;DENG Su-fang;YING Zhao-yang(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou Fujian 350013;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;National Azolla Resource Germplasm Center,Fuzhou Fujian 350013)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期172-179,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0117000)
福建省公益项目(2021R1021001)
国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)
福建省人民政府、中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021010)。
关键词
秸秆还田
稻田养萍
氮肥利用效率
straw incorporation
rice-Azolla cropping system
nitrogen use efficiency
