摘要
20世纪70年代初,党和政府对于核电建设做出部署。以国家核电发展动力转换为划分标准,至今中国核电建设历经三个发展阶段:1970-1994年,以核工业保军转民为动力,中国采用自力更生和国外引进两种模式,建设了秦山核电站和大亚湾核电站,核电建设由此起步;1994-2010年,以能源结构转变为动力,中国采取“以我为主,中外合作”的方式,不断推进核电自主化进程,形成百万千瓦级核电站自主化能力,为第三代核电发展奠定了基础;2010年至今,以推进绿色发展为动力,中国积极推进第三代核电自主化,进而在第四代核电示范工程建设中取得突破,推动中国核电实现由跟跑、并跑到领跑的转变。由中国核电技术发展的历程可知,核心技术突破必须立足于自主创新,开展国际科技合作是提升国家科技创新能力的重要途径。
In the early 1970s,the Communist Party of China and the government made arrangements for the construction of nuclear power.Using the conversion of the driving force of national nuclear power as the dividing standard,China's nuclear power construction has gone through three stages of development.from 1970 to 1994,driven by the transformation of the nuclear industry from military to civilian use,China adopted two models of self-reliance and foreign introduction to build the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station and Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant,marking the beginning of nuclear power construction.From 1994 to 2010,driven by the transformation of energy structure,China adopted the approach of“self-sufficiency and international cooperation”to continuously promote the process of nuclear power self-reliance,forming the ability of million kilowatt level nuclear power plants to autonomously develop,laying the foundation for the development of third-generation nuclear power.Since 2010,driven by the promotion of green development,China has actively promoted the selfreliance of third-generation nuclear power,and has made breakthroughs in the construction of the fourth generation nuclear power demonstration projects,promoting the transformation of China's nuclear power from following and leading.From the history of China's nuclear power technology development,it can be seen that breakthroughs in core technologies must be based on independent innovation,and international scientific and technological cooperation is an important way to enhance the country's scientific and technological innovation capabilities.
出处
《当代中国史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期141-154,M0006,共15页
Contemporary China History Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国共产党领导国家实验室建设的历史及经验研究”(23CDJ048)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
核电
包核工业
能源
原技术引进
自主创新
nuclear power
nuclear industry
energy
technology introduction
independent innovation
