摘要
旅游开发是协调自然保护地生态保护和经济发展的有效方式。土地允许旅游开发或局限于生态管制存在发展机会的差别,这会直接影响或改变当地农村家庭的生计策略与发展能力。文章随机抽样调查了武汉沉湖湿地自然保护区的345户农村家庭,运用多变量Probit、SUR回归及有序Logit等揭示自然保护地旅游发展机会差别对农村家庭就业及市民化能力的影响。研究发现:(1)农旅休闲观光的发展机会增加了农村家庭成员本地就业的概率及收入,降低了家庭成员外出务工的比例,且对家庭成员务农有抑制影响;(2)限制型生态旅游发展机会对农村家庭就业选择及收入影响较为有限,但也有带动青年和老年劳动力本地就业,以及促进壮年劳动力外地就业收入增加的效应;(3)自然保护地旅游开发有助于增强农村家庭的市民化能力,但限制型生态旅游对此的作用效力则相对不足。文章建议加快构建旅游开发型自然保护地土地增值捕获机制,缓解规划管制土地发展机会差别对农村家庭生计及收入不平等造成的影响,形塑相对公平的社会环境。
Tourism development is an effective means to coordinate ecological conservation and economic development in nature reserves.Differences in development opportunities between land allowed for tourism development or restricted to ecological regulation can directly affect or change the livelihood strategies and development capacities of local rural households.Based on the randomized sampling investigation data of 345 rural households in Wuhan Chenhu Wetland Nature Reserve,this paper revealed the impact of tourism development opportunities on rural households’employment and citizenship abilities by using the methods of multivariate Probit,SUR regression,ordered Logit and so on.The results show that.(1)The development opportunity of agro-tourism of leisure and sightseeing increases the probability and income of local employment for rural labors.However,it reduces the proportion of family members finding migration employment,and has a negative effect on households’farming;(2)The effects of restricted ecotourism opportunity on employment choices and income of rural household are limited,mainly promoting young and elderly labor force to find local employment,and increasing the non-local employment income of middleaged labor force;(3)Tourism development opportunities facilitate the formation of farmers’citizenship capacity,but the effect of restricted ecotourism opportunity is relatively insufficient.It is recommended to accelerate the construction of a land value-added capture mechanism for tourism-developed nature reserves to alleviate the impact of land development opportunities induced by planning regulation on the inequality of farmers’livelihoods and incomes,thus shaping a relatively equitable social environment.
作者
田霞
蔡银莺
杨青
TIAN Xia;CAI Yinying;YANG Qing(College of Public Administration,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;School of Tourism Management,Wuhan Business University,Wuhan 430056,China;School of International Business,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)
出处
《旅游科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第8期26-45,共20页
Tourism Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“农地生态补偿与乡村生计资本积累及自生能力提升机制——以长江经济带湖北和上海段为典型实证”(71974068)
国家自然科学基金项目“国土空间管制与土地市场分割下乡村发展公平及利益协调机制——武汉市典型生态保护区的研究”(72374080)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项“国土空间用途管制土地市场分割、租值耗散与溢价捕获研究”(2662023GGPY001)
海南省自然科学基金青年项目“农村土地制度改革赋能海南自贸港乡村旅游与休闲农业用地准入研究”(722QN290)
海南省哲学社会科学规划课题“后疫情时代海南省乡村旅游地农户生计可持续策略研究”[HNSK(QN)23-91]。
关键词
自然保护区
旅游开发
就业
市民化能力
农村家庭
沉湖湿地
nature reserve
tourism development
employment
citizenship ability
rural household
Chenhu wetland
