摘要
煤矿隐蔽致灾因素是制约矿井安全、高效、绿色、智能化开采的关键地质因素,透明地质是实现煤矿隐蔽致灾因素探测的重要技术手段,其中地质构造透明化勘查是重中之重。为建立适用于不同地质条件或煤矿区的地质构造隐蔽致灾因素透明化勘查技术体系,首先在对构造隐蔽致灾因素分析的基础上,提出了区域构造分析入手,地面、井下联合调查的构造隐蔽致灾因素快速排查技术体系,高效圈定矿井地质构造异常发育区、分析其分布规律;基于以往地面地质勘查钻孔资料和三维地震勘探数据初步分析全井田煤层厚度、断裂构造以及顶底板构造起伏形态;采用槽波勘探、定向钻探、超前物探、随采随掘地震、巷道快速写实等综合技术手段,对采掘工作面的地质构造逐级透明化;采用理论分析、工程类比、数值模拟、相似材料模拟、现场工程验证等方法,对地质构造类型、属性特征与煤层厚度、煤岩体结构、瓦斯涌出量、瓦斯压力、顶板矿压的相关性进行分析,研究在开采条件下采掘工作面过断裂构造不同区内的瓦斯参数、顶板/矿压灾害的响应规律,通过特征参数阈值选取实现工作面构造隐蔽致灾因素的监测和预警;利用数字化技术实现对不同地质构造及其灾害属性的数字化表达,通过建模软件实现对构造隐蔽致灾因素的三维透明化显示;构建了区域构造地质研究、隐蔽致灾因素精细勘查、致灾威胁性科学评价、地质构造透明化4个层级的地质构造隐蔽致灾因素逐级透明化勘查技术体系,并在屯宝煤矿进行了工程实践。研究结果表明:屯宝煤矿地质构造类型复杂,不仅发育有地堑式、地垒式、雁列式、挠曲等断裂构造样式,同时发育有小型冲刷带、断层及其破碎带等;复杂地质构造是诱发矿井瓦斯突出、顶板灾害、应力集中以及矿井冲击地压显现等矿井灾害
Hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mines are key geological factors that restrict the safety,high efficiency,green and intelligent mining,and transparent geology is an important technical means to realize the detection of hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mines,among them,geological structure transparent exploration is the most important.In order to build a transparent exploration system for hidden disaster-causing factors of geological structure that applies to different geological conditions or coalfield areas,first,based on analysis of factors causing hidden structural disasters,technical system of rapid investigation of factors causing structural hidden disasters is put forward,which is based on the regional structural analysis and the joint investigation of the ground and underground,effectively delineate the mine geological structure anomaly development area and analyze its distribution law.Based on the previous borehole data and3D seismic data,the coal seam thickness,fault structure and roof and floor structure undulation patterns are analyzed.Comprehensive technical means such as channel wave exploration,directional drilling,advanced geophysical prospecting,earthquake while mining/driving,cuttings recording,rapid realistic description of roadway are adopted,further realizing the gradual transparency of the geological structure of the mining face,adopting the methods of theoretical analysis,engineering analogy,numerical simulation,similar material simulation,field engineering verification.Correlation between geological structure types,attribute characteristics and mine disasters,such as coal seam thickness,coal rock mass structure,gas emission,gas pressure,roof strata behavior,is analyzed.Response law of gas parameters and roof/ground pressure disasters in different areas of the mining face passing through the fault structure under the mining condition is studied.Monitoring and early-warning of the hidden disaster-causing factors of the face structures are realized by selecting the threshold val
作者
王海军
郑三龙
王相业
董敏涛
吴艳
马良
杨伟
朱玉英
WANG Haijun;ZHENG Sanlong;WANG Xiangye;DONG Mintao;WU Yan;MA Liang;YANG Wei;ZHU Yuying(CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China;Tunbao Coal Mine of CHN Energy Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd.,Changji 831113,China;CHN Energy Group Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830000,China)
出处
《煤炭科学技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期173-188,共16页
Coal Science and Technology
基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2022JQ-458)
中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司科技创新基金资助项目(2024XAPT02)。
关键词
煤矿安全
隐蔽致灾因素
地质透明化勘查
地质保障技术
断层
智能开采
透明地质
coal mine safety
hidden disaster-causing factors
geologically transparent exploration
geological guarantee technology
fault
intelligent mining
transparent geology
