摘要
为了解延安地区防治苹果腐烂病药剂种类,筛选防治苹果树腐烂病高效药剂,为苹果树腐烂病绿色防控提供依据。首先调查了目前延安地区常用防治腐烂病的药剂种类。在调查基础上,以29 a生富士苹果树为试验材料,采用病疤刮治法,选用5种杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病进行田间防效试验,以病疤复发率、防治效果、愈合度和愈合宽度为指标对药效进行综合评价。试验结果表明,使用0.5%小蘖碱(溃腐灵)水剂原液、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂200倍液、新敌腐2代原液、6%嘧啶核苷类抗菌素(农抗120)15倍液、3%甲基硫菌灵(国光膜泰)糊剂125 g/m^(2)涂抹刮净的病疤后,病斑复发率依次为3.4%、6.8%、3.0%、4.0%、0;愈合度依次为28.25%、18.52%、47.11%、20.13%、50.55%;愈伤组织平均宽度为2.97 cm、1.88 cm、3.56 cm、1.64 cm、4.73 cm;防治效果分别为96.6%、93.2%、97.0%、96.0%、100%,均高于90%。综合药效评价,5种杀菌剂对防治苹果树腐烂病都有效果,其中3%甲基硫菌灵糊剂125 g/m^(2)综合效果最好,其次是新敌腐2代原液和0.5%小蘖碱水剂原液。本试验5种药剂均可作为生产中防治腐烂病应用药剂。
To understand the types of pesticides used for the prevention and control of apple valsa canker in the Yan'an area,identify the most effective options,and provide a basis for green prevention and control,a com-prehensive investigation was conducted.Initially,commonly used pesticides in the region were identified,fol-lowed by a field efficacy experiment involving 29-year-old Fuji apple trees as experimental materials.The scar scraping method was used,and five fungicides were selected for evaluation.The efficacy of these fungicides was assessed based on the recurrence rate of lesions,prevention and control effectiveness,degree of healing,and width of healing tissue.The results indicated that,after treatment with a 0.5%berberine(Kuihu Ling)aqueous solution,a 200-fold dilution of 1.8%octhilin acetate,Xindihu 2nd generation original solution,a 15-fold dilu-tion of 6%pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic(Nongkang 120),and a 3%methyl thiophanate(Guoguang Mutai)paste(125g/m^(2)),the lesion recurrence rates were 3.4%,6.8%,3.0%,4.0%,and 0%,respectively.The corresponding healing rates were 28.25%,18.52%,47.11%,20.13%,and 50.55%,with the average widths of the callus tissue measuring 2.97 cm,1.88 cm,3.56 cm,1.64 cm,and 4.73 cm,respectively.The preven-tion and control efficacy of all fungicides exceeded 90%,specifically 96.6%,93.2%,97.0%,96.0%,and 100%.A comprehensive evaluation of the results revealed that all five fungicides were effective in preventing and controlling apple valsa canker.Among them,the 3%methyl thiophanate paste(125g/m^(2))demonstrated the highest overall effectiveness,followed by the Xindihu 2nd generation original solution and the 0.5%berberine a-queous solution.Based on these findings,all five pesticides are recommended for use in the prevention and con-trol of apple valsa canker in agricultural production.
作者
李春霞
李宏飞
曹星
李慧楠
王莉
乔磊
LI Chunxia;LI Hongfei;CAO Xing;LI Huinan;WANG Li;QIAO Lei(Yan'an Vocational and Technical College,Yan'an,Shaanxi 716000,China;Yan'an Baota District Fruit Industry Technology Promotion and Marketing Service Center,Yan'an,Shaanxi 716000,China)
出处
《陕西农业科学》
2024年第9期48-54,共7页
Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
延安市科技计划项目“延安地区苹果病虫害发生调查与绿色防控技术研究”(SL2022SLNYGG-005)。
关键词
延安
苹果树腐烂病
农药种类
调查
田间防效
Yan'an
Apple valsa canker
Pesticide types
Investigation
Field control efficacy
