摘要
以记忆书写历史是石黑一雄小说中最为突出的主题之一。在他的小说中,个体经历往往以回忆的形式展开,这些个体记忆一方面极具个人化和私密化色彩,另一方面又融进了很多公共历史化因素。因此,个体经历被作家从私人化领域提升至公共意识层面,记忆与历史书写之间的关系成为揭示历史本质的途径之一。《远山淡影》、《浮世画家》和《上海孤儿》构成了石黑一雄日本战争历史记忆化书写的三个阶段,隐藏在《远山淡影》中的战争记忆,经过了《浮世画家》的自我修正,最终在《上海孤儿》中呈现出历史的真相。而小说家石黑一雄,正是借助这种以记忆书写历史的方式,对人们在战争中所遭受到的创伤,对于日本二战的历史真相不断进行增补,通过文本的留白、压抑和矛盾,在记忆的缝隙中,呈现出过去若隐若现、无由确定的真相。
Writing history through memory is one of the most prominent themes in Ishiguro's novels.In his novels,individual experiences are often carried out in the form of memories.On the one hand,these individual memories are highly personalized and private,whereas on the other hand,they are integrated with many public historical factors.Therefore,the writer elevates individual experience from the private realm to the level of public consciousness,and reveals the essence of history through the relationship between memory and historical writing.The three stages of Ishiguro's historical writing of Japanese WWII through memories are presented by his three novels:A Pale View of Hills,An Artist of the Floating World,and When We Were Orphans.The war memory hidden in A Pale View of Hills,after being self-corrected in An Artist of the Floating World,finally presents the historical truth in When We Were Orphans.The novelist Kazuo Ishiguro,with the help of writing history by memory,keeps adding the trauma suffered by people in the war and the historical truth of the Second World War in Japan,and presents the vague and uncertain traces of the past history in the blank space of the text,the gaps of the depression and contradiction within the text.
关键词
战争记忆
历史书写
《远山淡影》
《浮世画家》
《上海孤儿》
war memories
historical writing
A Pale View of Hills
An Artist of the Floating World
When We Were Orphans
