摘要
为提高作物产量及品质,基因编辑技术被广泛应用。成簇规律间隔短回文重复及关联蛋白(CRISPR/Cas9)系统是细菌、古细菌抵御外源物质入侵的获得性免疫系统,是继锌指核酸酶(ZFN)、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶(TAL)以后的第三代基因编辑技术。本文就CRISPR/Cas9系统的历史起源,以及CRISPR/Cas9系统的基因结构,其中包括CRISPR相关核酸酶(Cas9)、特异性CRISPR RNA(crRNA)以及反式激活CRISPR RNA(tracrRNA)进行概述;同时对该系统的作用原理,从间隔序列的获取阶段、表达阶段及免疫干扰阶段进行综述;另外对该系统在功能基因研究、基因组学筛选等领域,以及农业等相关领域的应用方面也展开了讨论,并对其将会产生的风险(脱靶效应)及解决方法进行总结,以期为农作物品种选育及功能基因的挖掘奠定基础。
Gene editing techniques are widely used to improve crop yield and quality.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated protein(CRISPR/Cas9)system is the acquired immune system of bacteria,archaea resist exogenous substances invasion,the zinc finger nuclease(ZFN),transcription activator like effector nuclease(TAL)after the third generation of gene editing technology.This article discussed the historical origins of the CRISPR/Cas9 system;An overview of the gene structure of the CRISPR/Cas9 system,including CRISPR related nucleases(Cas9),specific CRISPR RNA(crRNA),and trans activated CRISPR RNA(tracrRNA).At the same time,the working principle of the system was summarized from three stages,as the acquisition stage of interval sequences,the expression stage,and the immune interference stage.In addition,discussions have been conducted on the application of the system in functional gene research,genomic screening,and related fields such as agriculture.And it summarized the risks(off target effects)and solutions that will arise,to lay the foundation for crop variety selection and the exploration of functional genes.
作者
刘悦
兰英
李青超
赵秀梅
刘洋
王立达
王俊强
韩业辉
LIU Yue;LAN Ying;LI Qingchao;ZHAO Xiumei;LIU Yang;WANG Lida;WANG Junqiang;HAN Yehui(Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2024年第10期95-101,共7页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2023-1-B012,CZKYF2024-1-C008)
齐齐哈尔市科学技术计划重点项目(ZDGG-202207)
齐齐哈尔市科技计划联合引导项目(LNYGG-2024003)
齐齐哈尔市科技计划创新激励项目(CNYGG-2023027)。
