摘要
野生动物犯罪,尤其是在川渝地区这一显著的重灾区,占据了绿色犯罪学研究中至关重要的研究领域。以该地区为核心研究区域,依托社会生态系统理论的理论框架,运用空间分析、地理探测器等方法,探究川渝地区野生动物犯罪的时空分布特征与影响因素。研究发现:1)川渝地区野生动物犯罪以非法猎捕、杀害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪为主;涉案物种以鸟类和兽类为主,数量以鸟类中的雉科锦鸡、猫头鹰和爬行动物中各种蛇类为最。犯罪主体男性远多于女性,并以青壮年阶段汉族人员为主,文化水平整体较低且主要职务为务农。2)单起野生动物犯罪往往涉及多项罪名,最常见的犯罪过程为(卖方)猎捕/狩猎—杀害—运输—出售—(买方)收购。3)犯罪的年际变化整体表现出较强的波动性,可分为逐步增长阶段,急剧下降阶段与急剧增长阶段,月份分布高发于11月。4)犯罪在市域尺度整体呈现“东西部高发,中部低发”的格局;县域尺度上以成都市双流区和重庆市万州区为最;微观场所中,不同罪名下犯罪发生地与交易地主要场所存在差异。5)犯罪的发生主要受年平均气温、水资源总量、自然生态系统状况等自然因素,男女性别比例、受教育水平、运输网密度、交通便捷程度等社会经济文化因素的影响;居民消费水平、自然增长率与其他因子的综合作用后对野生动物犯罪影响显著。整合犯罪模式理论和理性选择理论认为,犯罪人通过对自然环境(如丰富的野生动物资源和隐蔽的栖息地)、社会环境(如监管不力、市场需求旺盛或公众保护意识薄弱)以及自身心理特征(如所付出的成本与收益的关系)等多重因素的理性考量,其犯罪意图更有可能被转化为实际行动,进而促使犯罪行为的最终发生。
Wildlife crime,especially in the notably hard-hit region of Sichuan and Chongqing,constitutes a pivotal research domain within green criminology research.Taking this region as the core research area,grounding our analysis in the theoretical framework of social-ecological systems theory,using spatial analysis,geo-detector and other methods,to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of wildlife crime in the Sichuan-Chongqing region.Study findings include the following:(1)wildlife crimes in the Sichuan-Chongqing regions mainly involve illegal hunting and killing precious and endangered wildlife,the species involved are predominantly birds and beasts,with the number of pheasants of the pheasant family,owls,and various snakes of the reptile family being the most numerous.The main body of the offence is far more men than women,and young adult Han people are often involved.The overall cultural level is low,and the main job is farming.(2)A single wildlife crime often involves a number of offenses;the most common criminal process involves(seller)hunting/hunting-killing-transportation-selling-(buyer)acquisition.(3)The overall inter-annual variation of the crime shows strong volatility,which can be divided into a gradual growth phase,a sharp decline phase and a sharp growth phase,the monthly distribution is high in November.(4)The overall pattern of"high incidence in the east and west and low incidence in the center"is shown in the city scale;in the county scale,the Shuangliu District of Chengdu City and Wanzhou District of Chongqing City are the most common.In microplaces,there are differences in the main places where offences are committed and transacted under different offences.(5)The occurrence of crime is mainly affected by the average annual temperature,total water resources,the state of natural ecosystems and other natural factors,male and female gender ratio,level of education,transport network density,ease of access and other socio-economic and cultural factors;the leve
作者
牛晓璇
李钢
张小文
金安楠
兰利
李佳
苏恬
Niu Xiaoxuan;Li Gang;Zhang Xiaowen;Jin Annan;Lan Li;Li Jia;Su Tian(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi'an 710127,China;College of Carbon Neutrality(Yu Lin),Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology,Xi'an 710127,China)
出处
《热带地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期1869-1886,共18页
Tropical Geography
基金
国际野生生物保护学会研究课题“中越边境活体龟鳖走私犯罪研究”(2023)。
