摘要
为了提高陕西省高标准农田建设的效益和效率,加强农田生态保护,以陕西省大荔县为研究对象,基于生态位理论构建适合关中平原的高标准农田建设适宜性评价和优先级分区方法。该方法选取了土壤条件、基础设施、景观格局和生态约束等4个维度的15个评价因子,通过比较评价因子的现实生态位和理想生态位,计算各评价单元的建设适宜度和障碍度。根据建设适宜度、障碍度和障碍因子改造难度的综合分级,进行高标准农田工程建设优先级分区。对大荔县72379个农田图斑的定量评价结果显示,大荔县高标准农田建设适宜性总体较好,优先建设区和次优先建设区耕地占55.66%,适宜工程选址和建设,只要稍加改造即可达到高标准农田建设要求。土壤条件和基础设施的障碍因素主要是有效土层厚度和有机质含量,而景观格局和生态约束维度的主要障碍因素是田块规模和灌溉水源。同时,提出了提升土壤有机质含量、增加有效土层厚度、降低耕地碎片化程度等方面的建议。综合来看,生态位理论对大荔县高标准农田建设适宜性评价和优先级分区具有较好的适用性。
To enhance the profitability and efficiency of well-facilitated farmland construction in Shaanxi province,while simultaneously bolstering ecological protection of farmland,Dali county in Shaanxi province was focused on.Based on the ecological niche theory,a suitability evaluation and priority zoning method was developed for well-facilitated farmland construction in Guanzhong Plain.15 evaluation factors in four dimensions,including soil condition,infrastructure,landscape pattern and ecological constraints,were selected;and the construction suitability and obstacle degree of each evaluation unit were calculated by comparing the realistic and ideal ecological niches of the evaluation factors.According to the comprehensive classification of construction suitability,obstacle degree and obstacle factor reconstruction difficulty,the priority zoning of well-facilitated farmland construction was carried out.The quantitative evaluation results of 72379 farmland plots in Dali county show that the overall suitability of well-facilitated farmland construction is good,and the cultivated land in priority construction area and sub-priority construction area accounts for 55.66%,which is suitable for project site selection and construction,and can reach the ideal level as long as a little transformation.The main obstacle factors of soil condition and infrastructure are the thickness of effective soil layer and the content of organic matter,while the main obstacle factors of landscape pattern and ecological constraint dimension are field size and irrigation water source.Meanwhile,some suggestions are put forward to improve the content of organic matter,increase thickness of effective soil layer,and reduce farmland fragmentation.In summary,the ecological niche theory exhibits strong applicability in the suitability evaluation and priority zoning for well-facilitated farmland construction in Dali county.
作者
徐通
张永锋
赵志江
董秀梅
杜宜春
XU Tong;ZHANG Yong-feng;ZHAO Zhi-jiang;DONG Xiu-mei;DU Yi-chun(Xinjiang Geological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710075,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《地球科学与环境学报》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第5期595-605,共11页
Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment
基金
陕西地建-西安交大土地工程与人居环境技术创新中心开放基金项目(2024WHZ0239)
陕西省土地工程建设集团科研项目(DJNY-YB-2023-58)。
关键词
生态位
适宜性评价
优先级分区
障碍度
高标准农田
关中平原
ecological niche
suitability evaluation
priority zoning
obstacle degree
well-facilitated farmland
Guanzhong Plain
