摘要
为探明辽西半干旱区青贮作物的营养品质和养分需求特征,本研究在辽宁阜新蒙古族自治县设置青贮玉米、甜高粱和高丹草种植试验,对其产量、营养品质、饲用价值、矿质养分进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)同等栽培管理条件下,高丹草鲜产和干产都显著高于青贮玉米和甜高粱,干物质产量达到34.22 t·hm_(-2)。(2)青贮发酵能够提高青贮作物的粗蛋白、粗脂肪,降低粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、木质素含量;相较于甜高粱和高丹草,青贮玉米的营养品质更好。(3)青贮发酵提高了青贮作物的饲用价值,青贮玉米的消化性干物质、干物质采食量、相对饲用价值显著高于甜高粱和高丹草。(4)3种青贮作物植株的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量无显著差异,3种青贮作物的N、P、K需求大约在200~300、60~90、320~580 kg·hm^(-2),高丹草的N、P、K吸收量显著高于青贮玉米和甜高粱,对K的需求量大。综合分析表明,青贮发酵能有效改善青贮作物的营养品质,青贮玉米是当地较为适宜种植的青贮作物类型,研究结果为辽西地区青贮作物的高产栽培和推广应用提供了重要支撑。
To investigate nutritional quality and nutrient requirements of silage crops in the semiarid area of western Liaoning Province,a field experiment was carried out with three silage crops including silage corn,sweet sorghum,and Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense in Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County,Liaoning Province.Crop yield,nutri⁃tional quality,feed value,and plant mineral nutrients were determined.The results showed that:(1)Under the same cultivation management conditions,fresh and dry yields of S.bicolor×S.sudanense were significantly higher than those of silage corn and sweet sorghum,with the highest dry matter yield reaching 34.22 t·hm^(-2).(2)Silage fermentation increased the contents of crude protein and crude fat in silage crops,while reduced that of crude fiber,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and lignin.Silage corn demonstrated superior nutritional quality than sweet sorghum and S.bicolor×S.sudanense.(3)Silage fermentation enhanced the forage value of silage crops,with silage corn showing significantly higher digestible dry matter,dry matter intake,and relative forage value than sweet sorghum and S.bicolor×S.sudanense.(4)There were no significant differences in nitrogen(N),phosphor⁃us(P),and potassium(K)contents of the three silage crops,with N,P,and K requirements being about 200-300,60-90 and 320-580 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.S.bicolor×S.sudanense exhibited significantly higher N,P,and K uptake compared to silage corn and sweet sorghum,with a notable demand for K.In conclusion,silage fermentation effectively improved nutritional quality of silage crops,and silage corn would be a more suitable silage crop in western Liaoning Province.Our results provide important support for the highyield cultivation and promotion of silage crops in western Liaoning.
作者
井国雁
武辰冉
梁志鹏
王树强
姜东奇
张玉兰
陈振华
JING Guoyan;WU Chenran;LIANG Zhipeng;WANG Shuqiang;JIANG Dongqi;ZHANG Yulan;CHEN Zhenhua(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Lab of Conservation Tillage&Ecological Agriculture,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China;Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County Tayingzi Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Fuxin 123111,Liaoning,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期2784-2791,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28090200)
辽宁省昌图县黑土地保护科技特派团项目(2023JH5/10400149)资助。
关键词
青贮玉米
甜高粱
高丹草
养分特征
秸秆饲料化利用
silage corn
sweet sorghum
Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense
nutrient characteristics
straw feed utili⁃zation
