摘要
双碳目标让煤电机组的低碳化受到广泛关注。低碳燃料替代是循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)燃烧发电技术的重要方向之一。零碳、低碳燃料特性与煤显著不同,这对CFB燃烧技术的燃料适应性提出了新的挑战。该文从燃料的着火与燃尽、低成本污染物控制和受热面安全3个角度,剖析CFB燃烧技术燃料适应性广的理论基础,提出丰富的床料蓄热和高效物料循环是支撑其适应低碳灵活燃料燃烧的两大基础条件。可以通过构建合理流态和炉内气氛,进一步提升CFB燃烧技术在多元低碳燃料上的适应性。对于生物质燃料,利用循环物料冲刷减少高温受热面沾污、减轻腐蚀,能够提高生物质发电的蒸汽参数,进而提高生物质发电的经济性;对于氨燃料,利用炉内高温床料蓄热解决稳燃问题,利用炉内气氛调控解决低成本脱硝问题,有望攻克氨燃料的高效低成本燃烧技术;对于化工冶金过程中广泛存在的超低热值废气,可利用CFB燃烧技术无害化处理同时回收废气中热能,显著提升废气处理的经济性,减少系统能耗和碳排放。面向双碳目标,CFB燃烧技术将进一步发挥和拓展其燃料适应性广的优势,具有较好前景。
The dual carbon goals bring widespread attention to the decarbonization of coal-fired power units.Low-carbon fuel substitution is one of the important directions of circulating fluidized bed(CFB)combustion technology development for power generation.The properties of zero-carbon,low-carbon fuels significantly differ from those of coal,which is a new challenge to the fuel adaptability of CFB combustion technology.The theoretical basis of fuel adaptability of CFB combustion technology is analyzed in this paper from the perspectives of fuel ignition and burn-out,low-cost pollutant control and heating surface safety.The big bed material heat capacity and efficient material circulation are the two solid pillars to support its adaptation to multiple low-carbon fuels.The adaptability of the CFB combustion technology to the combustion of multiple low-carbon fuels can be further improved by constructing a reasonable flow pattern and atmosphere inside the boiler furnace.For biomass fuels,the use of circulating bed material to brash the heating surface,alleviating the staining and corrosion issue,can improve the steam parameters of biomass power generation,and thereby improve the economy of biomass power generation.For ammonia fuels,high-temperature bed material heat capacity in the furnace can be used to stabilize combustion,and the furnace atmosphere conditioning can be used to suppress nitrogen oxide formation,which is expected to overcome the high efficiency and low cost of ammonia fuel combustion.For ultra-low-calorific-value industrial off-gas,the use of CFB combustion technology can turn the waste into energy,significantly improving the economics of waste gas treatment,thus reducing system energy consumption and carbon emissions.Facing the dual carbon goals,CFB combustion technology will further expand its advantage of broad fuel adaptability,presenting a promising prospect.
作者
岳光溪
张扬
张建春
王志宁
柯希玮
张海
YUE Guangxi;ZHANG Yang;ZHANG Jianchun;WANG Zhining;KE Xiwei;ZHANG Hai(Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University),Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China;Taiyuan Boiler Group Co.Ltd.,Taiyuan 030000,Shanxi Province,China;Shanxi Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory,Taiyuan 030032,Shanxi Province,China;Beijing Huairou Laboratory,Huairou District,Beijing 101400,China.)
出处
《中国电机工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第17期6844-6854,I0012,共12页
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
基金
怀柔实验室重大专项项目
太原市关键核心技术攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024TYJB0101)。
关键词
双碳目标
循环流化床
生物质
氨燃料
烧结烟气
dual carbon goals
circulating fluidized bed
biomass
ammonia fuel
sintering flue gas
