摘要
算法是人工智能的核心要素之一,算法治理是人工智能治理的重要组成部分。美国作为世界上人工智能技术最先进的国家,近年来显著加大了对人工智能算法的规范与治理。其基本理念包括:必须对已知的人工智能算法风险加以管控,须将行业自律与外部监管和问责相结合,须同时保护创新与竞争,美国须引领人工智能算法领域国际规则的制定。虽然目前美国联邦层面尚未通过有关算法治理的立法,但拜登政府已通过发布《人工智能权利法案蓝图》,颁布《关于安全、可靠、可信地开发和使用人工智能的行政令》,召集美国人工智能头部企业座谈并敦促其发布《人工智能自愿承诺》等方式,展开了实际的治理行动。在国际上,美国构建和参与多个机制,与盟友伙伴协调立场,争夺人工智能治理领域的主导权,这必将对人工智能算法全球治理实践及相关国际格局演变产生深远影响。
Algorithms are one of the core elements of artificial intelligence(AI),and algorithmic governance is a key aspect of AI governance.As the worlds leading country in AI technology,the United States has significantly enhanced its regulation and governance of AI algorithms in recent years. The basic principles guiding U. S. algorithmic governance include: the foreseen risks of AI algorithms must be addressed;external supervision of AI algorithms must be combined with industry self-regulation;innovation and competition must both be protected;and the U. S. must take the lead in international rules setting in the field of AI algorithmic governance. Although the U. S. has yet to pass any laws regarding algorithmic governance at the federal level, the Biden administration has already undertaken regulatory measures in this regard, including publishing the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights, issuing the Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, and convening leading AI companies and securing their voluntary commitments in developing responsible AI. On the international front, the U. S. has coordinated position with its allies and partners, constructed and participated in a number of international mechanisms, and led some initiatives with an aim to obtain the leadership in global AI governance. The U. S. efforts will have profound implications for global AI algorithmic governance practices and the evolution of the international order.
出处
《当代美国评论》
CSSCI
2024年第3期108-127,133,134,共22页
Contemporary American Review
关键词
人工智能
算法
治理
美国外交
Artificial Intelligence
Algorithm
Governance
U.S.Foreign Policy
