摘要
“因时建中”是清中期律例纂修的基本理念。清朝地方秋审解勘制在乾嘉道时期不断演变。其在乾隆朝变化剧烈,经历了被短暂废除到被恢复再到部分距省窎远之区秋审解勘制被变通的过程。各直省距省窎远之区秋审解勘制在嘉道时期接续变通。清朝秋审解勘制演变原因包括距离和安全原因、审转复核制和经费制约、行政机构和区划调整、地方大员推动。秋审解勘制演变体现了在经权原理和政刑传统的背景下,清朝处理中央和地方权力、整体和局部关系、法律的稳定和变通之间采取“因时建中”的立法特色。然而,时移世易,咸同以后就地正法的滥用给地方秋审解勘制造成重创,宣统二年(1910年),地方秋审解勘制也随秋审制的终结而落幕。
"Establishing ethics ruling in accordance with times"was a basic concept for legal amendment in the mid-Qing period.The local"autumn trial"transfer system kept evolving in Emperor Qianlong′s reign,going through dramatic changes-abolished for a short period,resumed,and transformed in some areas distant from provincial capitals,and continuing transformation during Emperors Jiaqing-Daoguang reigns.The reasons behind these changes included distance and security,trial-transformed reviewing and expenditure constraints,administrative organs and regions-planning adjustment,and promotion via local officials of high status.The evolution of"autumn trial"transfer system indicates that the Qing Dynasty government embodied the legislative feature of establishing ethics ruling in accordance with times in handling the relationships between central and local powers,whole and part,and legal stability and transformation under the circumstances of the"universal ethics and flexibility principles"and the political and criminal traditions.As times went on,during the Emperors Xianfeng and Tongzhi reigns the abuse of in-situ execution practice dealt a heavy blow to the local"autumn trial"transfer system and in the second year of Emperor Xuantong′s reign(1910)the local"autumn trial"transfer system ended together with the closing of"autumn trial".
出处
《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2024年第4期149-177,共29页
Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences
基金
2023年中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助项目“清朝积案问题研究”(2023M742911)
2024年福建省社会科学基金博士扶持项目“清朝积案防治法律研究”(FJ2024BF016)阶段性成果。
关键词
清朝
秋审
解勘
因时
建中
Qing Dynasty
autumn trial
transfer
in accordance with times
establish ethics ruling
