摘要
人类学以戏剧为进路不是“戏剧人类学”。戏剧作为“典礼”与人的本性或“类本质”相契合,因此,戏剧典礼与人类学的关系应当放到更基本的层面讨论,而非限于目前两门学科之间的工具互相借用。这样的人类学或可称为“以戏剧为进路的人类学”。无论是维特根斯坦意义上的“典礼动物”,还是“诗礼乐”都在提示我们,人类学的戏剧进路应该从科学-理性之外的另一种人之预设去讨论。就文学和艺术也是人类学方法而言,戏剧可能是其中最合适的一种。本文从对话体与社会思想表达的内容和形式契合,到作为典礼的戏剧与当代人类学目标一致的角度,讨论对话体、仪式时刻、生活戏剧和“生活在舞台上”等具体方法的人类学意义。正如柏拉图的对话体目标是通过辩证对话,不断化解矛盾,直至掌握理想形式一样,人类学以戏剧为进路也是要通过上述的具体方法,达到叩问生活之道的目标。
Taking drama as the approach to anthropology does not necessarily lead to“theater anthropology”.Drama as a“ceremony”is consistent with human nature.The relationship between drama and anthropology should therefore be discussed at a more basic level rather than the current superficial extrapolation of conceptual tools between the two disciplines.Hence a“dramatic approach to anthropology”.Whether it is the ceremonial animals in Wittgenstein's sense,or the book of songs,rituals,music,they all remind us that the dramatic approach to anthropology should be discussed from the perspective of a kind of human presupposition different from that based on science and rationality.To the extent that literature and art are also anthropological methods,drama is probably the most appropriate of them all.This article discusses the methodological significance of dialogue,ritual moment,life drama,and“living on the stage”for anthropology to examine the affinity of content and form between dialogue and the expression of social thoughts,and the fit of drama as ritual for contemporary anthropological study.Just as Plato's dialogue is a continuous overcome of contradictions through dialectical dialogue until the ideal form is reached,anthropology uses drama as a method to achieve the goal of questioning the way of life through the above-mentioned specific methods.
作者
朱晓阳
Zhu Xiaoyang(Center for Studies of Chinese Southwest Borderland's Ethnic Minorities,Yunnan University;Department of Sociology,Peking University)
出处
《开放时代》
北大核心
2024年第5期89-108,共20页
Open Times
基金
教育部高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“民族学本体论转向下的中国视角及实践研究”(项目批准号:22JJD840005)的阶段成果。
