摘要
基于马克思主义政治经济学理论视角考察人工智能对劳动收入份额的作用机理,通过构造59个国家2001—2019年的平衡面板数据并采用面板向量自回归(PVAR)模型研究发现:(1)人工智能自身的技术属性不仅能够通过提高资本技术构成所产生的劳动力挤出效应降低劳动收入份额,还会通过其就业创造效应提升劳动收入份额;(2)人工智能作为使用价值生产的要素投入,将和普通物质资本的深化一同影响劳动收入份额变动,特别是在发展中国家或人工智能使用规模小的国家,人工智能使用增加会对劳动收入份额产生显著的负向影响;(3)人工智能的应用还将通过影响劳资关系变动而影响劳动收入份额变化,尤其是在发展中国家,人工智能的应用将抑制劳动收入份额下降。因此,在抢抓人工智能发展机遇的同时,还要客观认识人工智能发展对社会就业和劳动收入份额带来的冲击与机遇,尤其要通过加快形成新质生产力实现劳动收入份额的持续提升。
In recent years,the rapid integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into production processes has significantly impacted the labor market,influencing labor income distribution and drawing considerable attention from the academic community.However,much of the current research lacks an empirical analysis grounded in Marxist political economics.Marx’s theories on productivity and production relations offer a valuable framework for analyzing the effects of AI on the labor income share.This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the mechanisms and hypotheses of AI’s impact on labor income share through the lenses of productivity and production relations.Using balanced panel data from 59 countries covering the period from 2001 to 2019,and employing the panel vector autoregression(PVAR)model,the findings reveal three key insights:First,the technological attributes of AI reduce labor income share by intensifying the labor displacement effect through improvements in capital composition.However,AI also positively influences labor income by creating new employment opportunities.Second,AI,when combined with the increasing use of traditional capital,affects labor income share,especially in developing countries or regions with low AI adoption.In such contexts,higher AI usage has a marked negative effect on labor income share.Third,AI also impacts labor income by altering labor-management relations.In developing countries,AI use can strengthen labor’s bargaining power,thereby increasing the share of labor income.This study provides two main contributions to the literature:First,it establishes a comprehensive framework for analyzing AI’s effects on both productivity and production relations and their combined influence on labor income share.Previous research primarily focuses on one dimension—either productivity or production relations—while this study integrates both aspects.Second,this study advances the quantitative analysis of Marxist political economics.In an era of abundant economic data and advanced econom
作者
徐春华
曾繁毅
XU Chunhua;ZENG Fanyi(School of Economics and the Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;Jiangxi Provincial Investment Group Co.,Ltd,Nanchang 330000,China)
出处
《当代经济科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期89-104,共16页
Modern Economic Science
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“共同富裕进程中省界县域农村相对贫困的识别与治理研究”(23BJL112)。
关键词
人工智能
劳资关系
劳动收入份额
资本有机构成
劳资议价能力
新质生产力
artificial intelligence
labor-capital relations
labor income share
organic composition of capital
bargaining power of labor
new quality productivity
