摘要
目的调查分析民航空勤人员航空性中耳炎相关情况及其影响因素,制定对应的干预措施。方法选取4789名民航空勤人员作为观察对象,采用咽鼓管功能障碍7项问卷评分量表,评估民航空勤人员航空性中耳炎发生情况,调查可能的影响因素,进行统计学分析。结果共发放调查问卷4789份,回收4789份,问卷有效率为100%。本次调查空勤人员总飞行时间以1000~5000 h为主,执飞的主要机型为A320。4789名民航空勤人员中罹患过航空性中耳炎/分泌性中耳炎者613例,占12.80%。无耳朵流脓流水者占91.96%,未发生过鼻炎/鼻窦炎者占70.81%,无扁桃体肥大、无鼓膜内陷菲薄或钙化斑、无咽鼓管或者中耳腔的手术史、无耳闷或偶尔耳闷自行缓解者占比>90%。其中耳闷的严重程度以0~3分为主,占比88.72%,其中无耳闷占43.62%,轻度耳闷占45.10%。4789名民航空勤人员中左耳和右耳均以1分的发生率最高,2分次之,3~7分的发生率均较低。1~2分的发生率均高于3~7分的发生率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2135.68~7623.25,P=0.001~0.004)。结论中国民航空勤人员中大部分咽鼓管功能良好,但仍有少数人员患航空性中耳炎。定期检查并及时有效干预,从而保护民航空勤人员的咽鼓管功能,对降低航空性中耳炎的患病率非常重要。
Objective To develop corresponding aviation otitis media intervention measures by investigating and analyzing the related factors in civil aviation aircrews.Methods A total of 4789 civil aviation aircrews were selected as the subjects of observation.The incidence of aviation otitis media among civil aviation aircrew was evaluated by 7-items Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire,and the possible influencing factors were investigated and statistically analyzed.Results All 4789 survey questionnaires were validate.In this survey,the total flying hours was mainly 1000-5000 h,and the main aircraft was A320.There were 613 out of 4789 civil aviation aircrews had suffered from aviation otitis media/secretory otitis media,accounting for 12.80%.In which 91.96%had no ear discharge or watery discharge,70.81%had not experienced rhinitis/sinusitis,and more than 90%had no tonsil hypertrophy,no thin or calcified tympanic membrane,no history of surgery for the eustachian tube or middle ear cavity,and no ear tightness or occasional ear tightness that resolves spontaneously.The severity of ear tightness was mainly distributed in 0-3 points range,accounting for 88.70%.In which 43.62%were with no ear tightness and 45.10%were with mild ear tightness.Among the 4789 civil aviation aircrews,the severity of ear tightness of left and right ears had the highest incidence rate of 1 point,followed by 2 points,and the incidence rate of 3-7 points was relatively low.The incidence rate of 1-2 points was significantly higher than that of 3-7 points,and the difference was significant(χ^(2)=2135.68-7623.25,P=0.001-0.004).Conclusions Most of the Chinese civil aviation aircrews have good eustachian tube function,but there are still a few cases of aviation otitis media.Regular inspections and timely and effective interventions are crucial for protecting the eustachian tube function and reducing the incidence of aviation otitis media in civil aviation aircrews.
作者
叶伟雄
马峰杰
刘林
Ye Weixiong;Ma Fengjie;Liu Lin(China Southern Airlines Aviation Health Center,Guangzhou 510405,China;Civil Aviation General Hospital Civil Aviation Medical Center,Beijing 100123,China;Shanghai Civil Aviation Hospital,Shanghai 850707,China)
出处
《中华航空航天医学杂志》
2024年第2期120-124,共5页
Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine
基金
飞行人员健康风险管理和安全专项检查(DFS20190601)。
关键词
中耳炎
咽鼓管
创伤和损伤
空勤人员
Otitis media
Eustachian tube
Wounds and injuries
Aircrews
